نتایج جستجو برای: blood borne pathogen
تعداد نتایج: 773630 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The Ross-Macdonald model has dominated theory for mosquito-borne pathogen transmission dynamics and control for over a century. The model, like many other basic population models, makes the mathematically convenient assumption that populations are well mixed; i.e., that each mosquito is equally likely to bite any vertebrate host. This assumption raises questions about the validity and utility o...
Ticks and the pathogens they transmit constitute a growing burden for human and animal health worldwide. Vector competence is a component of vectorial capacity and depends on genetic determinants affecting the ability of a vector to transmit a pathogen. These determinants affect traits such as tick-host-pathogen and susceptibility to pathogen infection. Therefore, the elucidation of the mechani...
Understanding spatial patterns of human risk of exposure to arthropod vectors and their associated pathogens is critical for targeting limited prevention, surveillance, and control resources (e.g., spatial targeting of vaccination, drug administration, or education campaigns; use of sentinel sites to monitor vector abundance; and identifying areas for most effective use of pesticides). Vector-b...
Modelling the spatial spread of vector-borne zoonotic pathogens maintained in enzootic transmission cycles remains a major challenge. The best available spatio-temporal data on pathogen spread often take the form of human disease surveillance data. By applying a classic ecological approach-occupancy modelling-to an epidemiological question of disease spread, we used surveillance data to examine...
Vector-borne pathogens cause enormous suffering to humans and animals. Many are expanding their range into new areas. Dengue, West Nile and Chikungunya have recently caused substantial human epidemics. Arthropod-borne animal diseases like Bluetongue, Rift Valley fever and African horse sickness pose substantial threats to livestock economies around the world. Climate change can impact the vecto...
Abstract Wildlife vertebrate hosts are integral to enzootic cycles of tick-borne pathogens, and in some cases have played key roles the recent rise ticks diseases North America. In this forum article, we highlight that wildlife play maintenance transmission zoonotic, companion animal, livestock, pathogens. We begin by illustrating how contribute directly indirectly increase geographic expansion...
over 170 million patients worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis c virus ( hcv ); making it a globally important infection. dentists constantly handle sharp instruments infected with biological fluids and are therefore considered at high-risk of contracting hcv infection. needle-stick injuries seem to be the most common route of exposure to blood-borne pathogens in dental practice. m...
needle-stick injury among health care workers in hemodialysis units in nigeria: a multi-center study
background: needle-stick and sharps injuries carry the risk of infection and are occupational hazards for all health care professionals involved in clinical care. objective: to determine the frequency and factors contributing to needle-stick injury (nsi) among health care workers of dialysis units in lagos, nigeria. methods: data were obtained by anonymous, self-reporting questionnaire from sta...
occupational exposure to blood and body fluids is an important hazard for health care workers, which places them at a high risk for blood-borne infections including hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus and human immunodeficiency virus and results in psychological and emotional stresses. several preventive measures have been proposed including pre-exposure ( e.g. , education, use of standard pre...
Ticks are ectoparasites of wild and domestic animals and humans that most notably impact global health by transmitting disease-causing pathogens. While information on the molecular interactions between ticks and pathogens that facilitate pathogen infection, development and transmission is limited, a comprehensive understanding of the tick-pathogen interface would be fundamental toward developme...
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