background: lead toxicity has been reported to affect hematopoietic, nervous, reproductive, cardiovascular and urinary tract systems. many investigators have so far studied the effects of high blood lead levels on pregnancy outcomes. objective: to investigate the effects of elevated maternal blood lead during pregnancy on some trace elements and pregnancy outcomes. methods: blood lead and plasm...

Considering the physiological role of epiphysis in functional activity and defense reactions of the body, this study was carried out to evaluate changes of lithium level due to biorhythms of epiphysis. For this purpose, albino mice (6-month old) were used. The animals were kept in light (resulting in inhibition of the activity of epiphysis) and dark (which increases the activity of epiphysis) e...

The major function of the kidney is filtration and secretion final products metabolism excess electrolytes. term failure denotes inability kidneys to perform excretory leading retention nitrogenous waste from blood. Biosensor are most accurate, with a rapid diagnosis ,more costly method than traditional avoid any biological changes in blood sample that lead optical characteristic (refractive in...

A Method for Measuring Cerebral Hemispheric Blood Flow and Metabolism • A new method for measuring cerebral hemispheric blood flow together with metabolism using an injection of a 5 ml bolus of hydrogen-saturated saline into each internal carotid artery is described. This method was extensively evaluated in the monkey prior to being used in man. Under fluoroscopic control, a catheter was insert...

The profile of arachidonic acid metabolites in resident peritoneal macrophages is distinctly different from the profile of macrophages isolated after an acute bacterial infection. The latter produce decreased prostaglandins E2 and I2 and leukotriene C4 while conserving the synthesis of thromboxane A2. We show here that the initial changes in peritoneal macrophage arachidonate metabolism during ...

Seventeen patients with an intracranial arteriovenous malformation were studied with positron emission tomography. Cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, oxygen extraction fraction, and glucose and oxygen metabolism were evaluated in both hemispheres, excluding the area of the malformation itself. Patients were divided into three groups according to the size of their malformation, and resu...

Novel experimental and theoretical methods in evaluating the systemic bioavailability of estrogens delivered via the vaginal route have been developed. The approaches were demonstrated for estrone and estradiol in the rhesus monkey. These newly developed techniques have made it possible to quantify first pass vaginal membrane metabolism for estrone and for estradiol and to disthlguish this proc...