THE finest movements of surgery are made with the fingers and thumb, not with the wrist and hand as a whole. In the usual method of suturing, the needle is grasped by the needle-holder which is held more or less in the palm of the hand. The fine, sharp needles of ophthalmic surgery, such as those made by Grieshaber, inevitably become dulled as they are grasped by the metal blades of the needle-...

Magnetostrictive sensors (MsSs) that can excite and receive guided waves are commonly used in detecting defects that may occur in cables and strands for supporting heavy structures. A conventional MsS has a hard sensing coil that is wound onto a bobbin with electric wires to generate the necessary dynamic magnetic field to excite the desired guided waves. This tailor-made hard coil is usually b...

Friction stir welding (FSW) is an effective solid-state joining process that has the potential to overcome common problems correlated with conventional fusion processes. FSW used for of metallic materials, in particular Al alloys (non-heat-treatable and heat-treatable). The heat produced by friction between rotating tool workpiece material generates a softened region near tool. Although input p...

Abstract The influences of processing parameters and tool feature on the microstructure AA1100 AA3003 aluminium alloys were investigated using bobbin friction stir welding (BFSW). research includes flow visualization microstructural evolution weld texture metallographic measurement method. Results indicated that operational (e.g. feed rate, rotating speed) geometry can directly affect patterns ...

In this work, three mathematical models for the heat generation during bobbin tool friction stir welding (BT-FSW) of aluminum using pin geometries have been proposed. The utilized and updated available conventional (CT-FSW). For validation models, BT-FSW experiments carried out alloy AA1050 different (cylindrical, square, triangular), at speeds 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 mm/min a constant rotatio...