We describe the viscous evolution of a collinear three-vortex structure that corresponds initially to an inviscid point vortex fixed equilibrium, with the goal of elucidating some of the main transient dynamical features of the flow. Using a multi-Gaussian “core-growth” type of model, we show that the system immediately begins to rotate unsteadily, a mechanism we attribute to a “viscously induc...

To react efficiently to potentially threatening stimuli, we have to be able to localize these stimuli in space. In daily life we are constantly moving so that our limbs can be positioned at the opposite side of space. Therefore, a somatotopic frame of reference is insufficient to localize nociceptive stimuli. Here we investigated whether nociceptive stimuli are mapped into a spatiotopic frame o...

A double stimulus subjective evaluation was performed to determine preferred frame rates at a fixed bit rate for low bit rate video. Stimuli consisted of eight reference color video sequences of size 352 × 240 pixels. These were compressed at rates of 100, 200 and 300 kbps for low, medium, and high motion sequences, respectively, using three encoders and frame rates of 10, 15 and 30 frames per ...

The "body schema," a spatial representation of the body in its environment, has been suggested to be an emergent property of a widespread network of effector-specific frontal and parietal areas, many of which integrate sensory input from the different modalities. On a behavioral level, such multimodality has been shown with temporal order judgment tasks, in which participants decide which of th...

A reference frame F is described by the element g of the Poincaré group P which connects F with a given fixed frame F 0. If F is a quantum frame, defined by a physical object following the laws of quantum physics, the parameters of g have to be considered as quantum observables. However, these observables are not compatible and some of them, namely the coordinates of the origin of F , cannot be...

The algorithm presented in this paper is comprised of three main stages: (1) classification of the image sequence and, in the case of a moving camera, parametric motion estimation, (2) change detection having as reference a fixed frame, an appropriately selected frame or a displaced frame, and (3) object localization using local colour features. The image sequence classification is based on sta...

The primary datum of a scattering experiment is the differential cross section. It is defined as the number of particles (events) per second per solid angle observed by the detector divided by the number of particles per unit area per second incident per target particle (scattering center). 1 In many scattering experiments the detector is most conveniently described using the fixed reference fr...

How are we aware of our surroundings? Somehow, from a pair of tiny, two-dimensional pictures of the visual world – provided by our retinas – our brains are able to render the world as it is, accurately depicting the locations of both a distant mountain range and the camera we are pointing at it. To understand how space is represented in the brain, neurophysiologists have borrowed the useful con...

Abstract The Onsager relations are discussed and it is suggested that they should be interpreted as there a frame of reference where all the transport processes independent. concepts illustrated with isobarothermal diffusion in simple metallic phases well complex ionic systems. A transformation from lattice-fixed to number-fixed gives Kirkendall effect cross effect.