Abstract Background Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt ) is a gram-positive bacterium responsible for the production of wide variety insecticidal Cry, Cyt, and Vip proteins with distinct insect specificities. The bioinsecticides derived from Cry account > 95% microbial biopesticide market to combat pest species belonging order Lepidoptera (including Spodoptera spp.), Coleoptera, Diptera, etc. are e...

Globally cotton is the most important natural fibre crop being cultivated commercially for domestic textile needs and export. Cotton plays an role in India’s economy, occupies largest acreage highest production world. In India, grown 10 major states divided 3 distinct zones viz., north, central south with varying climate soil. Despite large acreage, productivity India far below world average du...

Cotton bollworms cause huge losses and are mainly controlled through the synthetic chemicals, however, chemical control does not always effective due to larvae’s obscure feeding habit. Therefore, varietal resistance insect mating disruption by using of sex pheromone light traps were used in present research. The results revealed overall highest seasonal population Helicoverpa armigera (3.75±0.3...

Introduction Pakistan is the 4th top producer of cotton in the world (Table 1), yet in terms of yield it is at the distant 10th position. There are many possible reasons for low cotton yields in Pakistan—high prices of agricultural inputs (pesticides, fertilizers, etc.), higher intensity of insect and pest attacks, deficiency of water for irrigation, lack of advanced technologies and awareness,...

Transgenic cottons producing Cry toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) provide for control of lepidopteran pests and were first commercially grown in Australia, Mexico and the USA in 1996. As of 2007, a total of six additional countries (Argentina, Brazil, China, Colombia, India, and South Africa) now grow Bt cotton on a total production area of 14 million hectares. The technology primarily p...