Regeneration of mammalian limbs is restricted to amputation of the distal digit tip, the terminal phalanx (P3). The adjacent skeletal element, the middle phalanx (P2), has emerged as a model system to investigate regenerative failure and as a site to test approaches aimed at enhancing regeneration. We report that exogenous application of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) stimulates the format...

Regeneration of amputated structures is severely limited in humans and mice, with complete regeneration restricted to the distal portion of the terminal phalanx (P3). Here, we investigate the dynamic tissue repair response of the second phalangeal element (P2) post amputation in the adult mouse, and show that the repair response of the amputated bone is similar to the proximal P2 bone fragment ...

Success of dental implants depends largely on the quality and quantity of available bone in the recipient site [1]. This however may be compromised or unavailable due to tumor, trauma or periodontal disease etc., which in turn necessitates the need for additional bone augmentation. Successful regeneration requires the essential components of cells, scaffold and signaling molecules. This is effe...

introduction : deproteinized bovine bone mineral (bio-oss) is a xenogenic bone substitute, widely used in maxillofacial bone regeneration. the aim of this in vitro study was to investigate its influence on the growth behavior of human osteosarcoma cell line, saos-2 culture, and compare it with the physiologic dose of dexamethasone, an inductive factor for osteoblasts. materials and methods: hum...

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach for bone regeneration and repair. In the realm of therapeutic bone regeneration, the defect or injured tissues are frequently inflamed with an abnormal expression of inflammatory mediators. Growing evidence suggests that proinflammatory cytokines inhibit osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. Thus, for...

Alendronate, a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, is well established as a treatment for osteoporosis through regulation of osteoclast activity. Previously, the pharmacological effects of bisphosphonates on cells outside the bone environment have been considered irrelevant because bisphosphonates target bone. Here we show that administration of alendronate impairs muscle regeneration in mice a...

Bone is a metabolically active organ that undergoes continuous remodeling throughout life. However, many complex skeletal defects such as large traumatic bone defects or extensive bone loss after tumor resection may cause failure of bone healing. Effective therapies for these conditions typically employ combinations of cells, scaffolds, and bioactive factors. In this review, we pay attention to...