Chlorinated textile effluents were tested for their toxicity using different bioassays. These assays were the Microtox assay, daphnia (Daphnia similis) 48-hr survival test, medaka embryo 14-day and juvenile 96-hr survival tests, and tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) juvenile 96-hr survival test. By comparing the results of toxicity tests on water samples collected at the instream prior to the c...

Concern has recently been voiced over possible chronic toxicity associated with chlorination of public drinking water supplies in the United States. This paper reviews the available evidence and the studies underway to further evaluate hypothesized associations between cancer risk and byproducts of chlorination. Preliminary data from measures of halogenated volatiles and personal exposure histo...

Some starch-accumulating microalgae are promising biomass resources for producing platform chemicals biorefinery applications. The use of treated wastewater as the cultivation medium has been considered because real contains not only nutrients, but also bacteria from activated sludge. In this study, potential feasibility starch production by Chlorella-related was investigated evaluating effect ...

Smooth, durable, ultrathin antifouling layers are deposited onto commercial reverse osmosis membranes without damaging them and they exhibit a fouling reduction. A new synergistic approach to antifouling, by coupling surface modification and drinking-water-level chlorination is enabled by the films' unique resistance against chlorine degradation. This approach substantially enhances longer-term...

We systematically investigated plasma-based chlorination of graphene and compared its properties before and after such treatment. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that a high Cl coverage of 45.3% (close to C2Cl), together with a high mobility of 1535 cm(2)/(V s), was achieved. The C:Cl ratio n (CnCl) can be effectively tuned by controlling the dc bias and treatment time in the plasma c...

Cathode ray tube funnel glass is an environmentally problematic relict of old television sets. In particular, landfilling of this material is strongly discouraged because of its high lead content. However, recovery of this toxic lead could prevent its release into the environment and allow its reuse. In this research, lead was separated from the glass matrix by a chloride volatilization process...