When compared to tests on reinforced concrete (RC) walls with a rectangular or barbelled crosssection, only very few tests on RC walls with open cross-section exist. Most of these walls were subjected to unidirectional or bidirectional loading along one or both of the principal axes of the wall section. It was rare that tests were done using load paths that did not follow the principal axes. Th...

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Complex systems may be mechanistically modelled by white-box modeling with using logical deterministic individual-based cellular automata. Mathematical models of complex systems are of three types: black-box (phenomenological), white-box (mechanistic, based on the first principles) and grey-box (mixtures of phenomenological and mechanistic models). Most basic ecological models are of black-box ...

Honeycombs with thermal expansion coefficients equal to zero are described analytically. The two dimensional lattice microstructure designs described are made of positive expansion materials. This work builds upon previous results, and provides further analysis into creating an optimal rib cross section. The design of ribs with Tee shaped and I shaped cross sections is developed. The behavior o...