Structural and functional brain connectivity, synaptic activity, and information processing require highly coordinated signal transduction between different cell types within the neurovascular unit and intact blood-brain barrier (BBB) functions. Here, we examine the mechanisms regulating the formation and maintenance of the BBB and functions of BBB-associated cell types. Furthermore, we discuss...

Homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) microenvironment is maintained by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which regulates the transport of molecules from blood into brain and back. Many disorders change the functionality and integrity of the BBB. Glucocorticoids are being used sucessfully in the treatment of some disorders while their effects on others are questionable. In addition, confl...

The central nervous system (CNS) has specific barriers that protect the brain from potential threats and tightly regulate molecular transport. Despite the critical functions of the CNS barriers, the mechanisms underlying their development and function are not well understood, and there are very limited experimental models for their study. Claudin 5 is a tight junction protein required for blood...

The central nervous system (CNS) is a perfectly regulated environment with conditions far different from those in the rest of the organism. Even slight changes in this machinery affect its functioning. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the frontier that isolates brain tissues from the substances circulating in the blood vascular system. It is also a diffusion barrier that allows only water and s...

In vitro blood–brain barrier (BBB) models are essential research tools for use in developing brain-targeted drugs and understanding the physiological pathophysiological functions of BBB. To develop BBB with better functionalities, three-dimensional (3D) culture methods have gained significant attention as a promising approach. this study, we report on development human conditionally immortalize...

Despite the importance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), little is known about the molecular mechanisms that control its integrity. The identification of moody, a gene required for the formation and maintenance of the Drosophila BBB, provides new insight into how paracellular junctions are formed at the barrier. Meanwhile, moody also has been identified in a screen for fly mutants with altered ...

Development of an in vitro cell culture system to mimic the blood-brain barrier p. 117 The development of ion regulation at the blood-brain barrier p. 123 An approach to study of transport of trace metals at the blood-brain barrier p. 133 Bidirectional passage of peptides across the blood-brain barrier p. 139 Localization patterns for immunoglobulins and albumins in the brain suggest diverse me...

Introduction: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption as well as perihematomal injury and edema are commonly observed as a result of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). BBB injury is potentially an important pathophysiological factor in secondary brain injury caused by ICH [1]. The aim of this study was to detect changes in BBB permeability and quantify BBB injury following acute ICH by us...

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a tightly regulated interface in the Central Nervous System (CNS) that regulates the exchange of molecules in and out from the brain thus maintaining the CNS homeostasis. It is mainly composed of endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes and astrocytes that create a neurovascular unit (NVU) with the adjacent neurons. Astrocytes are essential for the formation and maint...

The blood - brain barrier (BBB) plays a crucial role in central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. Serving as the brain's protective shield it regulates soluble factor and cellular exchanges from blood to brain. Critical to its function, the BBB is composed of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVEC), a collagen matrix, and astrocytes. Astrocytic endfeet surround the BMVEC abluminal surface...