Overview Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) causes brain injury in 3 major ways. Firstly there is the mass effect of the initial bleed, haematoma expansion and oedema formation, which increases intracranial pressure causing distortion of brain structures, and mechanical damage to cells. Secondly, there is neuroinflammation that results in secondary brain damage following ICH, through glial activat...

Overview Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) causes brain injury in 3 major ways. Firstly there is the mass effect of the initial bleed, haematoma expansion and oedema formation, which increases intracranial pressure causing distortion of brain structures, and mechanical damage to cells. Secondly, there is neuroinflammation that results in secondary brain damage following ICH, through glial activat...

Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is the most abundant water channel in the brain, and its inhibition before inducing focal ischemia, using the AQP4 inhibitor TGN-020, has been showed to reduce oedema in imaging studies. Here, we aimed to evaluate, for the first time, the histopathological effects of a single dose of TGN-020 administered after the occlusion of the medial cerebral artery (MCAO). On a rat model...

1. Aquaporins (AQPs) are targets for drug discovery for basic research and medicine. Human diseases involving fluid imbalances and oedema are of major concern and involve tissues in which AQPs are expressed. The range of functional properties of AQPs is continuing to expand steadily with ongoing research in the field. 2. Gating domains in AQPs are molecular sites for drug actions. Discovery of ...

Cerebral tuberculomas are a rare and serious form of tuberculosis due to the haematogenous spread of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Symptoms and radiologic features are nonspecific, leading sometimes to misdiagnosis. We report the case of a 60-year-old male, with a history of diffuse bilateral infiltrative pulmonary disease at the stage of fibrosis, he made two generalized seizures associated with...

Meningiomas are the second-most common intracranial tumours in adults. They are derived from the arachnoid cells, and although approximately 90% of meningiomas are benign, more than half of all meningiomas develop peritumoral brain oedema (PTBE), which increases morbidity. The PTBE can be treated with steroid therapy, but this treatment is not specific, is not always effective, and involves lon...

Cerebral oedema or brain tissue swelling is a significant complication following traumatic brain injury or stroke that can increase the intracranial pressure (ICP) and impair blood flow. Here, we have identified a potential driver of oedema: the negatively charged molecules fixed within cells. This fixed charge density (FCD), once exposed, could increase ICP through the Donnan effect. We have s...

Background Current international guidelines recommend that a cranial computed tomography (CT) be performed on all HIV-positive patients presenting with new onset seizures, before a lumbar puncture (LP) is performed. In the South African setting, however, this delay could be life threatening. The present study sought to measure the number of cranial CTs that contraindicate an LP and to predict w...

Dogs dosed daily with isoniazid, 15 mg kg 1 for 45 and 69 days or 2o-4o mg kg -1 for 4-2o days, showed; 'vacuolation' of myelin, astrocyte hypertrophy and oligodendrocyte degeneration. The distribution of vacuolation was different in lowand high-dose animals. The vacuolation seen with the light microscope resulted from splitting of the intraperiod line, dilatation of the periaxonal space, diste...