background: the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii can infect any warm blooded nucleated cells. one of the ways for human infection is ingestion of oocysts directly from soil or via infected fruits or vegetables. to survey the potential role of t. gondii oocyst in soil samples, the present study was conducted in tehran city, iran. methods: a total of 150 soil samples were collected around rub...

results genotype b (73.6%) and genotype c (26.4%) were detected in these patients. after treatment for 12 months, the rate of hbv dna seroclearance, alt normalization, and hbeag seroconversion were significantly higher in adv group than in placebo group (p < 0.05). however, there were no significant differences in these three rates between patients infected with genotype b and c (p > 0.05). obj...

conclusions the analysis indicates that the hev isolated from blood donors in the southwest of iran belongs to genotype 1. however, more samples from other geographic regions of iran are needed to confirm these findings. because transmission of hev by administration of blood or blood components is likely to occur, it may be sensible to screen donor blood for hev to eliminate transfusion-transmi...

conclusions the mutation ratio difference between genotypes b and c in children was higher than that of adults and several combined mutations were exclusively detected in children with chronic hbv genotype c infection associated with higher viral load. objectives the aim of this study was to assess the mutation profiles of bcp and precore regions in different hbv genotypes in chronically infect...

results the predominant genotype among bahraini patients was type 1 (36.71%), followed by genotypes 3 and 4 (15.6% each) and the lowest frequency was found for genotype 2 (3.9%). among genotype 1, subtype 1b had the highest frequency (21.09%), followed by subtype 1a (14.06%). among genotype 3, subtype 3a had the highest frequency (11.72%), while among genotype 4, most of subtypes were undetermi...

background congenital factor xiii (fxiii) deficiency is a rare severs autosomal recessive bleeding disorder. objectives the aim of the study was to determine the c559t > c fxiiia genotype frequency in patients with fxiii hemophilia who lived in sistan and balouchestan province in southeast of iran. patients and methods we determined the genotype of 180 patients with factor xiii hemophilia by te...

conclusions our investigation demonstrated that there is a highly significant association between the studied alleles and t1d. it can be construed that haplotype hla-dr3-dq2 has a very modest effect with respect to the risk of t1d. patients and methods this study was a case-control study. the number of samples was determined using the cochran formula. eighty unrelated t1d patients, including 42...

chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) is one of the most important crops worldwide that is a subject of many plant breeding programs in many countries. in addition, climates are changing all over the world and drought becomes one of the most serious problems versus yield of crops. in order to screen drought tolerant genotype in chickpea, twenty genotypes were tested under rainfed and irrigated conditio...

background: approximately 600,000 deaths occur every year as a result of the acute and chronic consequences of hepatitis b virus infection. ten different hepatitis b virus genotypes have been identified with distinct geographical distributions. different clinical outcomes, including the rate of mutations, development of hepatocellular carcinoma, chronicity, response to treatment, transplantatio...