Pristimantis reichlei is a widely distributed species, occurring in the Amazonian forests of Bolivia, Peru and Brazil. However, little information available on its natural history or breeding biology. Here we document for first time parental care clutch size this species. Parthenogenesis presumed.

Biotechnology is diversifying rapidly through the development and application of new approaches to genome editing and ongoing research into synthetic biology. Proponents of biotechnology are enthusiastic about these new developments and have recently begun calling for environmental movements to abandon their campaigns against Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and for organic agriculture to ...

INTRODUCTION The Santa Cruz Island Scrub Jay , Aphelocoma coerulescens insularis. is a genetically isolated populat ion limited in its geographic distribution to Santa Cruz Island, Santa Barbara County , Cal ifornia . This insular form is characterized by rather pronounced morphological different iat ion f rom mainland populat ions of the same species; its uniqueness was quickly recognized by e...

-we studied the breeding performance of a Grey Eagle-Buzzard (Geranoaetus melanoleucus) population in a region of northern Argentinian Patagonia where two different habitats occur; the mountains near the Andean cordillera and the plains where shrub-steppes predominate. Mean eagle density was 1 pair/l9 km2 (N = 44), with higher densities occuring in the plains (1 pair03.2 km2, N = 17) than in th...

—The Spotted Barbtail (Furnariidae) is poorly studied but shows some extreme traits for a tropical passerine. We located and monitored 155 nests to study this species for 7 years in an Andean cloud forest in Venezuela. Spotted Barbtails have an unusually long incubation period of 27.2 6 0.16 days, as a result of very long (3–6 hr) off-bouts even though both adults incubate. The long off-bouts y...

Cooperative breeding is an excellent example of altruistic cooperation in social groups. Domestic dogs have evolved from cooperatively hunting and breeding ancestors, but have adapted to a facultatively social scavenging lifestyle on streets, and solitary living in human homes. Pets typically breed and reproduce under human supervision, but free-ranging dogs can provide insights into the natura...

the philosophy of biology has existed as a distinct sub-discipline within the philosophy of science for about thirty years. the rapid growth of the field has mirrored that of the biological sciences in the same period. today the discipline is well represented in the leading journals in philosophy of science, as well as in several specialist journals. there have been two generations of textbooks...