Abstract. Sea-breeze fronts (SBFs) are frequently found to trigger deep convection. The convective updrafts near the SBF critical in this triggering process. Here, size and strength of an idealized investigated with large-eddy simulations. A central focus study is compare SBF, which substantially affected by ahead develop a typical boundary layer. It that larger than but have similar SBF. produ...

The tornado that struck Milwaukee, WI on March 8, 2000 was the earliest on record. Unlike most tornadoes, this particular tornado was not associated with a supercell or any form of a mesocyclone. The author argues that a lake breeze circulation created a misocyclone in the region, which was elongated vertically by a rapidly deepening convective thunderstorm in the region, producing the tornado.

Abstract Ground-based thermodynamic and kinematic profilers were placed adjacent to the western shore of Lake Michigan at two sites as part 2017 Ozone Study. The southern site near Zion, Illinois, hosted a microwave radiometer (MWR) sodar wind profiler, while northern in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, featured an Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI), Doppler lidar, High Spectral Resolution...

Strong vertical gradients at the top of the atmospheric boundary layer affect the propagation of electromagnetic waves and can produce radar ducts. A three-dimensional, time-dependent, nonhydrostatic numerical model was used to simulate the propagation environment in the atmosphere over the Persian Gulf when aircraft observations of ducting had been made. A division of the observations into hig...

Sea breezes are important in a coastal urban climate; however, the impact of development on effects sea breezes, which decrease air temperature and increase humidity, has not been understood quantitatively. To quantitatively evaluate this Sendai, Japan over past twenty years, study analyzed heat balance mechanisms spaces based simulation results Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model coupled ...