AIMS To establish the dose-response for pharmacodynamics (bronchodilatation), safety and pharmacokinetics for a nebulized formulation of the long acting muscarinic antagonist glycopyrrolate (EP-101) with a high efficiency nebulizer in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS Patients with moderate to severe COPD (GOLD II/III), with reversible lung function, were enr...

It is accepted today that all patients with acute asthma should be treated with a sympathomimetic, irrespective of previous therapy. This short review addresses the question of the optimal mode of administration of these drugs in acute severe asthma. Inhaled sympathomimetics are as effective as subcutaneous adrenaline, or intravenous salbutamol or terbutaline, and, as they produce fewer side-ef...

We conducted this double blind randomized controlled trial to compare the rapid bronchodilator effect of salmeterol and formoterol in 60 children with stable asthma. Participants were randomized to receive either salmeterol (50 microg) (n=31) or formoterol (24 microg) (n=29) by metered dose inhaler and spacer. Spirometry was performed at baseline, at 30 minutes, and at 60 minutes. Bronchodilata...

The forced oscillation technique (FOT) allows the noninvasive assessment of the mechanical properties of the respiratory system. Given that the technique does not require patient cooperation, it is suitable for the routine evaluation of respiratory function in a variety of clinical applications. In this paper, the rationale and the most conventional equipment and data processing of the techniqu...

Q uestion: What is the relative per microgram potency and side effect profile of the 8-agonists salbutamol and fenoterol? Method: The relative bronchodilator ( FEV1, V25, V50) potency and side effect profile ( tremor, heart rate, breathlessness, BP) of nebulized salbutamol and fenoterol were evaluated by means of a randomized, doubleblind, crossover, cumulative (50 to 2,500 g) doseresponse stud...

In the present study, we examined whether there is a difference in the onset of bronchodilatation between formoterol/beclomethasone 12/200 μg Modulite and formoterol/budesonide 9/320 μg Turbuhaler in patients with COPD. We enrolled 28 patients with stable COPD. Both formoterol/beclomethasone and formoterol/budesonide elicited a larger mean FEV₁-AUC₀₋₁₅min than formoterol alone, whereas there wa...

Asthma is a complex inflammatory disease of the airways involving reversible bronchoconstriction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is typified by inflammation and airflow limitation that has an irreversible component. There is now substantial evidence that Rho kinase is involved in many of the pathways that contribute to the pathologies associated with these respiratory diseases including ...

Methods 100 subjects suffering from bronchial asthma were enrolled for this study from 2012 January to February, after obtaining consent of the participants and ethical committee approval. The bronchial asthma severity was graded as severe pefr <200ltrs\Mt, moderate 200-300ltrs \Mt, mild 300-400ltrs\Mt. For this study moderate and mild categories were selected. Furthermore 20% (10% each of mode...