The first-order phase transition of O(3) symmetric models is considered in the limit of high temperature. It is shown that this model supports a new bubble solution where the global monopole is formed at the center of the bubble in addition to the ordinary O(3) bubble. Though the free energy of it is larger than that of normal bubble, the production rate can considerably be large at high temper...

Fast liquid jets, called micro-jets, are produced within cavitation bubbles experiencing an aspherical collapse. Here we review micro-jets of different origins, scales and appearances, and propose a unified framework to describe their dynamics by using an anisotropy parameter ζ > 0, representing a dimensionless measure of the liquid momentum at the collapse point (Kelvin impulse). This paramete...

Eternal inflation predicts our observable universe lies within a bubble (or pocket universe) embedded in a volume of inflating space. The interior of the bubble undergoes inflation and standard cosmology, while the bubble walls expand outward and collide with other neighboring bubbles. The collisions provide either an opportunity to make a direct observation of the multiverse or, if they produc...

Effective treatment of vascular gas embolism may be possible with emulsified fluorocarbon compounds. We tested the hypothesis that a fluorocarbon emulsion delivered before gas embolization would enhance bubble motion through the vasculature, favoring more rapid clearance. Air microbubbles were injected into the rat cremaster microcirculation in six groups of rats receiving Perftoran, an emulsif...

The role of a buccal gas bubble, held while performing aquatic surface respiration (ASR; ventilating the gills with surface water during hypoxia), was examined in benthic, intertidal Australian gobies (Favonigobius tamarensis, F. exquisitus, Pseudogobius olorum, Chlamydogobius sp., Mugilogobius paludis, Cryptocentroides cristatus and Arenigobius bifrenatus). Analyses of the forces of lift and w...

Vascular bubble models, which present a realistic biophysical approach, hold great promise for devising suitable diver decompression procedures. Nanobubbles were found to nucleate on a flat hydrophobic surface, expanding to form bubbles after decompression. Such active hydrophobic spots (AHS) were formed from lung surfactants on the luminal aspect of ovine blood vessels. Many of the phenomena o...

When water flows through hydraulic turbomachines, the local pressure can become low enough to vaporize the water and create vapor cavities. This phenomenon is called cavitation. When the cavities collapse, shock waves and liquid jets traveling through the inclusions can erode nearby solid surfaces. The collapse of cavitation bubbles has been extensively investigated in the case of a single bubb...

Bubbly cavitating flow generated by the normal oscillation of a wall bounding a semi-infinite domain of fluid is computed using a continuum two-phase flow model. Bubble dynamics are computed, on the microscale, using the Rayleigh–Plesset equation. A Lagrangian finite volume scheme and implicit adaptive time marching are employed to accurately resolve bubbly shock waves and other steep gradients...