In online learning with kernels, it is vital to control the size (budget) of the support set because of the curse of kernelization. In this paper, we propose two simple and effective stochastic strategies for controlling the budget. Both algorithms have an expected regret that is sublinear in the horizon. Experimental results on a number of benchmark data sets demonstrate encouraging performanc...

This analysis has been prepared with policy advice following a direction from the Minister of Finance to assess tobacco excise increases that could be progressed in Budget 2012. It does not assess and compare tobacco excise increases with other revenue, savings and expenditure options Ministers have considered in preparing the 2012 Budget. The focus is on the potential impacts of tobacco excise...

THEPRESENT BUDGET MODEL for libraries is not serving libraries well during this time of transition to an increasingly electronic knowledge environment. The existing model inhibits organizational flexibility and exacerbates the staff’s sense that they are losing control of their own professional destinies. A new transitional budget model is recommended. The transitional model emphasizes staff ed...

The holy grail of healthcare financing is a system that insures access to health care of appropriate intensity that is provided as e ciently as possible so as to control the growth of overall expenditure. Global budgeting systems can e↵ectively control the growth of overall expenditures by setting a cap on total reimbursements to providers. However, the e↵ect on the intensity or e ciency of car...

A large panel of German municipalities is employed in order to investigate the dynamic fiscal policy adjustment of local jurisdictions using a VEC model which explicitly takes account of the intertemporal budget constraint. The results confirm the central role of expenditure adjustment, nevertheless a substantial part of adjustment is due to changes in intergovernmental transfers, in particular...

This paper derives a population sizing relationship for genetic programming (GP). Following the population-sizing derivation for genetic algorithms in Goldberg, Deb, and Clark (1992), it considers building block decision making as a key facet. The analysis yields a GP-unique relationship because it has to account for bloat and for the fact that GP solutions often use subsolutions multiple times...

Background: The construction of metro lines is a high-risk project. Using a budget-based model for the safety units of metro construction projects can help safety managers to spend optimal budget allocation. The purpose of this study was to plan a budget model based on safety unit performance in an under construction metro station for better budget allocation using robust optimization. Methods...

This paper discusses the problem of the optimal determination of budget deficit limits in cases where the fiscal authority wishes to keep the budget deficit close to a reference value. It is assumed that the fiscal authority minimizes the expected discounted value of squared deviations from the reference value. Lump-sum and proportional intervention costs are considered. This paper is also an e...

One of the important indicators democratization each society is constitutional and legal definition role military possibility its control. The civil democratic control Serbian Armed Forces primarily includes use development Forces, internal external expenditures for needs, monitoring informing public about state preparations providing free access to information importance defining responsibilit...