The new species is a member of an apparently monophyletic group within the genus that includes R. flexile, R. walga, R. himanturi, R. burgeri, R. euzeti, R. hawaiiensis, R. urobatidium, R. paratrygoni, R. ditesticulum, R. tetralobatum, R. margaritense, R. biorchidum, and R. spinicephalum. All of these species have bothridia with medial longitudinal septa, a constriction at mid-bothridium, and, ...

all that we know about the life and times of al-sijzī, the 10th century iranian muslim mathematician and astronomer, is limited to the small pieces of information provided by other authors’ accounts and some of his own works. on the basis of al-sijzī’s mathematical works and the extant maunscripts written in his hand, some modern scholars have estimated his date of birth in about 942 ad. numero...

sura al-insan (76) is among suras sent down to praise imam ali and the household of the holy prophet. numerous hadiths, opinions, and sources denote that. however, some sunni sources have ignored that because of treating that sura as being maccan. relying on sunni sources, gathering hadiths and opinions on chronological order of descend of meccan and medinan suras, and hadiths concerning causes...

short story is one of the newborn literary genres that has drawn special attention of  literary men and researchers to itself in recent years because of its general effect on literature and its special influence on reader of a literary work. this article investigates short story comparatively in arabic and persian literature. the aim of this paper is to discover latent aspects of short story in...

the main purpose of article is al-qaida political islam and its concepts and principles. typically the importance of following islamic concepts and principles on al-qaida political islam to production terrorism. some militant islamist forces have been implicated in terrorism.. al-qaida political islam in a strictly non-evangelical sense cannot be described as islamist. in addition relatians bet...

created in 8th century a.h., daqayeq al-she?er is one of the most important rhetoric texts has ever been written. little attentions have been paid to it due to the published unreliable correction. the present paper is going to offer, using some reliable handwritten versions, some new-found information about the author, taj al-halvani, the place it was written in, and the life and the works and ...

in most of history books 4th a.h. has been introduced a sadifferent kind of islamic civilization, because of having a lot of well known person that can astonish researchers. there were a lot of people who migrated to basre and learned arabic and literature from ebne doraid. sinse knowing words is very important and it’s source other knowledges and it shows his greatpart in growing science and c...

for the first time in the history of logic, abd al razzaq al-jili (d. 570/1174), in the treatise al-lame fi al-shakl al-rabe, dealt with the modal syllogisms of the fourth figure. previous to him, dinha, the priest, and ibn salah al-hamadani had discussed the non-modal moods of the fourth figure. jili’s treatise deals only with simple modalities and ignores the complex ones. his pupil, fakhr al...

one of the debates concerning concepts of “medial motion” and “traversal motion” is the question of which of these two concepts of motion corresponds to motion in the corporeal world. in the present article we intend to employ the language of mathematics to present a model for each of these two concepts to study the above mentioned problem. as a result, medial motion represents a covering funct...