Free testosterone was measured in the saliva of 89 male prison inmates. Inmates with higher testosterone concentrations had more often been convicted of violent crimes. The relationship was most striking at the extremes of the testosterone distribution, where 9 out of 11 inmates with the lowest testosterone concentrations had committed nonviolent crimes, and 10 out of 11 inmates with the highes...

When Singapore is mentioned in various parts of the world, there are certain predicable responses, often focusing on Singaporean laws or the judicial system. “Oh, the place that makes chewing gum illegal!” or “The country that caned Michael Fey for spraying graffiti!” or “The nation that makes it a crime not to flush a toilet!” However, despite these sometimes amusing though derisive attributio...

Many researchers and educators have studied the use of Machine Translation (MT) in L2 classroom, yet little data exists on World Language 6-12th grade educators’ perceptions MT. This study inquires into ways that middle school high perceive MT how are adapting their assignments light its use. The results this show a punitive approach is prevalent, largely banned, infractions result wide array c...

We are three senior clinicians and investigators in the field of schizophrenia research from different parts of the world. We want to emphasize our common deep concern for the often devastating consequences of neglecting, particularly in legal issues, the fact that favorable long term outcomes occur in schizophrenia in a considerable number of cases. Convergent findings from the 11 world studie...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the biggest cause of death and disability in children and young people. TBI compromises important neurological functions for self-regulation and social behaviour and increases risk of behavioural disorder and psychiatric morbidity. Crime in young people is a major social issue. So-called early starters often continue for a lifetime. A substantial majority of youn...

In recent years an increasing quantity of UK legislation has introduced blended or ‘hybridised’ procedures that blur the previously clear demarcation between civil and criminal legal processes, typically on the grounds of normatively-motivated political expediency. This paper provides a critical perspective on instances of procedural hybridisation in order to illustrate that, first, the relianc...

Self-selection policing is the term given to the identification of serious active offenders by dint of their commission of more minor infractions. The paper explores the feasibility of using the nonproduction of documentation as required after the issue of an instruction to do so (form HO/RT1) as a way of identifying active, serious offenders. Such non-producers (no shows): 1. were more likely ...

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether Navy personnel are disciplined without regard to racial-ethnic membership. Two samples were used. The first consisted of personnel receiving nonjudicial punishment (N3P) or courts-martial between 1 May 1982 and 30 April 1983. The second sample was derived from documents reporting infractions, which contain the nature of the violation an...

Copyright and privacy are two fundamental values for a democratic society, since both enhance the development of each individual’s personality. Nevertheless, in cyberspace, copyright enforcement and the right to informational self determination have become two clashing realities. In fact, with the arrival of digital technology, especially the Internet, rightholders, facing massive on-line copyr...

Rupture of the free wall of the left ventricle occurs in approximately 4% of patients with infarcts and accounts for approximately 20% of the total mortality of patients with myocardial infractions. Relatively few cases are diagnosed before death. Several distinct clinical forms of ventricular free wall rupture have been identified. Sudden rupture with massive hemorrhage into the pericardium is...