Increasing evidence has demonstrated toxic effects of ultrafine particles (UFP*, diameter < 100 nm). Children are particularly at risk because of their immature respiratory systems and higher breathing rates per body mass. This study aimed to characterize UFP, PM2.5 (particulate matter < or = 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter), and other vehicular-emitted pollutants in and around school buses....

1. INTRODUCTION Providing fast, frequent and reliable bus services is a key requirement for sustainable transport operations in many cities. As a part of achieving this goal, many cities and bus operators are implementing Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) systems to support comprehensive public transport management, real time passenger information and bus priority at traffic signals. In London, ...

The electronics industry has entered the era of multimillion-gate chips, and there is no turning back. This technology promises new levels of integration on a single chip, called the system-on-a-chip (SoC) design, but also presents significant challenges to the chip designers. Processing cores on a single chipmay number well into the high tens within the next decade, given the current rate of a...

Identification of critical or weak buses for a given operating condition is an important task in the load dispatch centre. It has become more vital in view of the threat of voltage instability leading to voltage collapse. This paper presents a Fuzzy approach for ranking critical buses in a power system under normal and network contingencies based on Line Flow index and voltage profiles at load ...

Due to the continuous increment of the load demand, identification of weaker buses, improvement of voltage profile and power losses in the context of the voltage stability problems has become one of the major concerns for the larger, complex, interconnected power systems. If the voltage profile of the weaker buses is improved, the voltage stability can be improved significantly. Because of the ...

A major departure from traditional VO systems, TNet is a new system area network designed to s"pp0rt current and future needs for reliable, efficient communications among processors and peripherals. It is an extensible hardware-software layer that allows very large configurations by logically and physically isolating processor buses from VO buses. TNet features wormhole routing, packet-switched...

We show that adding partitioned-buses (as opposed to long buses that span an entire row or column) to ordinary meshes can reduce the routing tame b y approximately one-third f o r permutation routing with locality. A matching time lower bound i s also proved. The result can be generalized to multi-packet routing.

• Diesel exhaust contains ozone precursors, benzene, arsenic, dioxins, formaldehyde and other toxic substances and is a significant contributor to airborne concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM). Significant health impacts including lung damage and premature death are associated with exposure to fine particulate matter. It can also aggravate conditions such as asthma and bronchitis. Die...

Avionics and control systems for aircraft use distributed, fault-tolerant computer systems to provide safety-critical functions such as flight and engine control. These systems are becoming modular, meaning that they are based on standardized architectures and components, and integrated, meaning that some of the components are shared by different functions—of possibly different criticality leve...

Bus scheduling plays a significant role in public transportation and supports the sustainable development of systems. Challenges are beginning to appear with newly emerging electric buses (EBs), as changes due fleet composition make traditional fixed timetables no longer able satisfy operational needs. Moreover, fixed-trip time hypothesis has been inappropriate for large cities variety urban tr...