The aim of this work was to compare hepatocellular toxicity and pharmacological activity of amiodarone (2-n-butyl-3-[3,5 diiodo-4-diethylaminoethoxybenzoyl]-benzofuran; B2-O-Et-N-diethyl) and of eight amiodarone derivatives. Three amiodarone metabolites were studied, namely, mono-N-desethylamiodarone (B2-O-Et-NH-ethyl), di-N-desethylamiodarone (B2-O-Et-NH(2)), and (2-butyl-benzofuran-3-yl)-(4-h...

Determination of relative volatilities flavour compounds in hydro-alcoholic solutions is usually performed by time-consuming and costly standard methods such as the Gillespie dynamic recirculation method. This study tested a quick easy method with simple distillation apparatus for measuring empirical volatilities. A total 17 representative apple pear brandies were selected investigated their al...

The behavior of nanoscale energetic materials is quite different from micronsized energetic materials in many ways. Recently, some techniques such as sol-gel method, high speed air impaction and vacuum codeposition have been employed to obtain nanoscale energetic materials. However, only few attentions were paid to nanoscale energetic materials because of the fabrication difficulty. In this pap...

Butyl acetate (BuAc) is widely used as a solvent in many applications, mainly the food and pharmaceutical industries. The conventional process for BuAc production both capital energy intensive. purification involves separation of from azeotropic mixture water n-butanol, which difficult to accomplish using simple distillation unit. In this study, membrane reactor (MR) via esterification n-butano...

The title compound, [Sn(C4H9)2(CH3COO)2], was synthesized in order to study the influence of large organic groups on the mol-ecular structure of diorganotin di-acetates. The title compound exhibits the same structure type as other diorganotin(IV) di-acetates characterized by an unsymmetrical bidentate bonding mode of the two acetate groups to tin. The influence of the t-butyl groups on this mol...

In order to reveal aspects of olfactory coding, the effects of sensory adaptation on the olfactory responses of first-instar Drosophila melanogaster larvae were tested. Larvae were pre-stimulated with a homologous series of acetic esters (C3-C9), and their responses to each of these odours were then measured. The overall patterns suggested that methyl acetate has no specific pathway but was det...

ethyl hexanoate (ethyl caproate), and 2-phenylethyl acetate are typical of the carboxylate esters produced by yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces, which are widely used in brewing.i) Two kinds of ester synthetic pathway have been proposed for yeast. One involves the transfer of an acyl group from acyl-CoA to alcohol, catalyzed by alcohol acyltransferase2) or alcohol acetyltransferase (2MTase).3) ...