Ischemia-induced angiogenic response is reduced in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). To study whether exogenous basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) infusion is effective in expanding collateral circulation in frankly hypertensive SHR, femoral arteries of male SHR (weighing approximately 250 g) were kept intact (nonoccluded control; n = 9) or occluded for 4h(n = 12) or for 16 days with ve...

Clinicians face the daily challenge of assessing and treating patients with gait problems. Musculoskeletal models appear to show potential for assisting with the understanding of complex pathological movements, however they are also complex and reliant on multiple assumptions in order to maintain stability. This paper breaks down the process by which muscles produce movement into a series of st...

OBJECTIVES Skeletal muscles usually cramp at short lengths, where the tension that can be exerted by muscle fibers is low. Since high tension is an important anabolic stimulus, it is questionable if cramps can induce hypertrophy and strength gains. In the present study we investigated if electrically induced cramps (EIMCs) can elicit these adaptations. METHODS 15 healthy male adults were rand...

UNLABELLED To assess quantitatively regional nutritive muscular blood flow in patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD), we evaluated the utility of PET with 15O-water. METHODS Eight healthy volunteers and 16 patients with angiographically proven PVD were studied. Regional blood flow of the calf was measured with 15O-water PET during rest, after intra-arterial infusion of prostaglandin ...

Using optimal control techniques, maximum height jumps were simulated for humans who held their body rigid except for the ankle. Three dynamic models of ankle torque generation based on known calf muscle properties were used. Force and kinematics obtained from the simulations using nominal and perturbed parameters were compared with data obtained from humans who had performed this type of jump....

As normal healthy skeletal muscle does not contain lymphoid tissue, extra nodal lymphoma involving multiple muscles is rare, as well. This study reports a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of multiple skeletal muscles involvement and a review of differential diagnosis of it.A 37-year-old female presented to our hospital after being diagnosed with NHL for 7 months. She had received six course...

1 of 1 DESCRIPTION Our patient is a girl with pantothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration 1 and autosomal recessive transmission. She has marked contractions of the lower facial muscles and severe contraction of calf muscles, with both feet in a crooked position, more evident on the right side. Since infancy, she walked abnormally and was unstable when standing, due to progressive hyperton...

Hoffmann originally described how an electric shock to the tibial nerve in man evokes not only a motor response in the calf muscles but also a wellsynchronized reflex response with a latency of about 30 msec. This late response, which he identified with the stretch reflex, was shown to have the following characteristics (Hoffmann, 1918, 1922; Hoffmann and Keller, 1928): (a) It appears only in m...

The calf muscles of the rat hindlimb are composed of smaller entities, called neuromuscular compartments, which are the territories of muscle innervated by a single, naturally occurring primary (first-order) muscle nerve branch. While it is quite clear that a precise connectivity exists very early in development between motoneuron pools and individual muscles, the mechanisms responsible for pro...

Equinus gait is one of the most common abnormalities in children with cerebral palsy. Although it is generally assumed that the calf muscles are abnormally short in equinus gait, no studies have been done to confirm that the muscles are short and that this shortness contributes to the equinus. This study used musculoskeletal modeling combined with computerized gait analysis to examine medial ga...