Heat generation is a very conspicuous phenomenon in large scale bioreactors and could in principle quite easily be measured by the temperature increase of the cooling water. Taking yeast cultures growing on a mixed oxido-reductive metabolism for various reasons as an example, this paper demonstrates how heat dissipation measurements may be used in combination with one other on-line measurement ...

In critical care, particular attention is paid to disorders which lead to cerebral dysfunction. Hypoxia is the most common example and considerable effort is devoted to avoiding this problem. If the brain is deprived of fuel, as in hypoglycaemia, the outcome is similar yet far less attention is paid to maintaining an adequate and appropriate long-term fuel supply. Indirect calorimetry has been ...

Calorimetric investigations of systems of pharmaceutical interest are selectively reviewed. Attention is drawn to the need for more systematic and quantitative investigations of bioactivity, especially of synergic and antagonistic drug combinations. Formulation affects biological response (BR) and hence attention is given in this review to some of the factors that may be of biopharmaceutical im...

Resin-modified glass ionomers (RMGI) set by at least 2 mechanisms dependent upon reactant diffusion prior to gelation. Each reaction's kinetics and setting mechanism may rely on and/or compete with the other. In this study, we investigated RMGI setting reaction interactions using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) by varying light-cure initiation times. A RMGI was analyzed with isothermal ...

BACKGROUND Indirect calorimetry (IC) is the reference method for measurement of energy expenditure (EE) in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. When IC is unavailable, EE can be calculated by predictive equations or by VCO2-based calorimetry. This study compares the bias, quality and accuracy of these methods. METHODS EE was determined by IC over a 30-min period in patients from a...