BACKGROUND The shoulder is the most frequently dislocated joint in the body. Multiple causes and pathologies account for the various types of shoulder instability. Multi-directional instability (MDI) and multi-directional laxity with antero-inferior instability (MDL-AII) are similar in pathology, less common and more difficult to treat. These instabilities are caused by ligamentous capsular red...

Dislocation of the patella may be congenital, it may be due to injury, or it may be simply habitual or recurrent, with some basic defect in the anatomy of the knee region. This review concerns the recurrent type, occurring either spontaneously or after minor injury. Patients with recurrent patellar dislocations may have any ofthe following abnormalities: I ) a high-riding patella with an elonga...

cablin (BLANCO) BENTH. (Family Labiatae), commonly known as “Guang-Huo-Xiang” or Cablin Patchouli. It is a Chinese Materia Medica traditionally used for the treatment of common cold, nausea and diarrhea. Patchouli oil, the volatile oil of P. cablin, has been widely used in the cosmetic and oral hygiene industries to scent perfumes, flavor toothpaste, etc. Modern researches have repeatedly demon...

Ripening and chilling injury of avocado (Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass) have been studied at the ultrastructural level. Changes in the organization of cellular organelles and the breakdown of the cell walls during ripening are described. Changes in the organization of the cell membrane during chilling injury have also been detected and may be the underlying cause of the physiological and bioc...