Patterns of animal activity provide important insight into hypotheses in animal behavior, physiological ecology, behavioral ecology, as well as population and community ecology. Understanding patterns of animal activity in field settings is often complicated by the need for expensive equipment and time-intensive methods that limit data collection. Because animals must be active to be detected, ...

a classical theory is developed which calculates the momentum transfer rate constant between an ion and a non-polar molecule. the model takes into consideration the effect of diffraction outside the capture limit on the rate constants. the theory is used to calculate momentum transfer rate constant for cl- with trans-dichloroethylene and para-difluorobenzene. theoretical results are compared to...

A 1:1 matched case-control study of calves under 1 month of age was carried out by weekly visits to 7 dairy farms in Mashhad from May 2008 to October 2008. Fecal samples were collected from a total of 112 calves with clinical signs of diarrhea and from 112 matched animals without clinical signs of diarrhea as assessed by a scoring system. The samples were investigated for the presence of Rotavi...

We investigated the consequences of mineral supplementation of mealworms at a facility where mustached bats (Pteronotus parnellii rubiginosus) from Trinidad were kept for experimental purposes. For 11 months a�er capture from the wild, the animals were constantly housed indoors and fed a diet of mealworms without mineral supplementation. A�er several animals died with skulls so� at palpation, t...

Introduction: Addiction is one of the most important psychosocial injuries in our country. Estimation of number of addicts in communities have always been a difficult and and controversies. The aim of the present was to estimation of number of addicts to drug abuse addicts by using capture-recapture method in Ilam city.  Materials & methods: Data were collected by using questionnaire based on ...

Background: Fish is a source of nutrition; however, toxic substances and heavy metals may enter human body due to consuming contaminated fish. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of heavy metals and DDTs in Liza parsia, a fish species, and assess the health risk of the contaminants in the fish samples.  Methods: The extracted fish lipid was added with n-hexane and H2SO4 and was...

The use of noninvasive genetic sampling to identify individual animals for capture-recapture studies has become widespread in the past decade. Strong emphasis has been placed on the field protocols and genetic analyses with fruitful results. Little attention has been paid to the capture-recapture application for this specific type of data beyond stating the effects of assumption violations. Her...

Baseline glucocorticoid (CORT) levels in plasma are increasingly used as physiological indices of the relative condition or health of individuals and populations. The major limitation is that CORT production is stimulated by the stress associated with capture and handling. Measuring fecal CORT is one way to solve this problem because elevation of fecal CORT usually does not occur before 1-12h a...