Biocide contamination of receiving waters is generally linked with agriculture. However, recent studies have shown that urban contributions should be also considered [1,2]. One of the suspected biocide sources in the urban environment is building paint. Biocides like diuron, irgarol, terbutryn, carbendazim, etc., are conventionally used in paint to control fungi, algae, bacteria and other micro...

There is some evidence that the mouse lymphoma TK assay (MLA) can detect aneugens, and this is accepted in the current International Conference on Harmonisation guidance for testing pharmaceuticals. However, whether or not it can be used as a reliable screen for aneugenicity has been the subject of debate. Consequently, aneugens with diverse mechanisms of action were tested in the MLA using 24-...

Carboxin (5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-l,4-oxathiin-3-carboxanilide) and a number of other carboxanilides are known to be potent inhibitors of succinate oxidation in membrane preparations from animal tissues, fungi, and bacteria, acting at the succinate dehydrogenase-coenzyme Q junction. The kinetics and the maximal extent of inhibition of succinate oxidation by carboxanilides and by thenoyltrifluoroac...

We describe efficient polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation systems for a pharmaceutically important basidiomycete fungus, Clitopilus passeckerianus, which produces pleuromutilin, a diterpene antibiotic. Three dominant selectable marker systems based on hygromycin, phleomycin, and carboxin selection were used to study the feasibility of PEG-mediated transf...

Seed decay (rot) and seedling damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani are among the most important diseases of cotton which result in the significant yield reduction, application of expensive and harmful chemical fungicides and most importantly contamination of soil and agricultural environment. This study was conducted to investigate the possible efficacy of cotton seed delinting in the reduc...

Abstract Purpose The application of fungicides is one the main strategies to prevent clubroot disease. Currently, numerous studies focus on changes in soil microbial community at different levels disease severity. However, effects and causative pathogen, Plasmodiophora brassicae , while preventing remain unclear. Methods In this study, we evaluated control efficacy three (fluazinam, metalaxyl-m...