It is difficult clinically to measure relative blood flow to each lung. We hypothesized that uni-lung % blood flow is linearly related to % carbon dioxide excretion (VCO2). In a canine model of acute unilateral lung injury, we measured uni-lung flow with ultrasonic flow-probes, and uni-lung VCO2 with two separate metabolic monitors utilizing split lung ventilation following thoracotomy. Relativ...

field experiments were conducted at the rice research institute (mazandaran province) using randomized complete block designs in two fields of different levels of organic carbon (low and medium) during two cropping years. the treatments were repeated in three replicates and while seven nitrogen levels (urea-n input) 0, 23, 46, 69, 92, 115 and 138 kg n per ha employed. results indicated that opt...

The modification of carbon powder with manganese dioxide using a wet impregnation procedure with electrochemical characterisation of the modified powder is described. The process involves saturation of the carbon powder with manganese(II) nitrate followed by thermal treatment at ca. 773 K leading to formation of manganese(IV) oxide on the surface of the carbon powder. The construction of compos...

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) used to reinforce polymer matrix composites are functionalized to form covalent bonds with the polymer in order to enhance the CNT/polymer interfaces. These bonds destroy the perfect atomic structures of a CNT and degrade its mechanical properties. We use atomistic simulations to study the effect of hydrogenization on the mechanical properties of single-wall carbon nanot...

Percentage error (relative to the observed value) is often felt to be more meaningful than the absolute error in isolation. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is widely used in forecasting as a basis of comparison, and regression models can be fitted which minimize this criterion. Unfortunately, no formula exists for the coefficients, and models for a given data set may not be unique. We...

The activated carbon produced from olive stones was chemically activated using sulfuric acid, (OS-S), and utilized as an adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution in the concentration range 4-50 mg/L. Adsorption experiments were carried out in a batch process and various experimental parameters such as effect of contact time, initial chromium ion concentration, carbon dosage, an...

Describing the relative magnitude and controls of herbivory and decomposition is important in understanding the trophic transference, recycling, and storage of carbon and nutrients in diverse ecosystems. We examine the variability in herbivory and decomposition between and within a wide range of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. We also analyze how that variability is associated with differen...

In this study, mass concentrations and chemical compositions of fine particles, mass concentrations of coarse particles, light extinction, and meteorological parameters in the atmosphere of Xiamen were presented and analyzed to study the chemical and optical characteristics of a typical haze episode from Dec 25, 2010 to Jan 1, 2011. The major chemical compositions of PM2.5, such as water solubl...

Urban green spaces provide ecosystem properties fundamental to the provision of ecosystem services, such as the sequestration of carbon and nutrients and serving as a reservoir for organic matter. Although, urban vegetation influences soil physico-chemical properties, it remains unknown whether ecosystem properties depend on plant species portfolios. We tested the influence of three common func...