Bronization and carburization of fine-grain superplastic stainless steel is reviewed, and new experimental results for fine grain Ti88.5Al4.5V₃Fe₂Mo₂ are reported. In superplastic duplex stainless steel, the diffusion of carbon and boron is faster than in non-superplastic duplex stainless steel. Further, diffusion is activated by uniaxial compressive stress. Moreover, non-superplastic duplex st...

A mechanistic model was developed for predicting carbon dioxide corrosion rates of carbon steel pipes in multiphase flow conditions. The model incorporates the chemistry, thermodynamics of carbon dioxide dissolution, multiphase mass transfer, electrochemical kinetics on the metal surface and the presence of a corrosion product film. The predicted corrosion rates show good agreement with the exp...

The hydrogenation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide on various steel catalysts was studied in the temperature range of 800" to 1,300'F. and at pressures from 5 to 30 atm. The feed gases (3.75 to 20 SCFH) were passed over a catalyst bed of 1/8-h. steel balls supported in a brass-lined reactor 0.81 in. in d i m . The percentage of carbon oxides in the feed was 30% in the runs using a Hz-COZ f...

This paper presents a study of the quasi-static and dynamic deformation behaviors of conventional and microalloyed medium-carbon steels in a wide temperature range. As strain rate increased, the flow stress increased at room temperature, but occasionally did not at elevated temperatures. The flow stress of the microalloyed steel containing precipitates was less sensitive to strain rate at room ...

Investigations were conducted on low-carbon steel and the steel with same chemical composition with addition of microalloying element niobium. While tensile testing was carried out, the thermographic measurement was tacking place simultaneously. A specific behavior of niobium microalloyed steel was noticed. Test results have shown that, in the elastic deformation region, thermoelastic effect oc...

The state-of-the-art in modelling of internal corrosion of oil and gas pipelines made from carbon steel is reviewed. The review covers the effects of: electrochemistry, water chemistry, formation of protective scales and scales, temperature, flow, steel, inhibition, water condensation, glycol/methanol and localized attack. Various mathematical modelling strategies are discussed. 2007 Elsevier L...

from the time that civil engineers have used steel in building structures, they tried to increase its strength so as to produce more economic and lighter structures by using more elegant sections. increase of steel strength is not always useful for all members of a steel structure. in some members under certain conditions, it is needed to reduce the strength as much as possible to improve the b...

Welding hot-work tool steels, containing 0.3-0.6% of carbon, is difficult both because of the elevated carbon content and because of significant hardening resulted from large amounts of alloying elements. A development of welding technology, i.e. better quality of electrodes, modern welding devices, improved welding technologies and better steel quality, make welding of such steel types possibl...

An implicit finite element model was developed to analyze the deformation behavior of low carbon steel during phase transformation. The finite element model was coupled hierarchically with a phase field model that could simulate the kinetics and micro-structural evolution during the austenite-to-ferrite transformation of low carbon steel. Thermo-elastic-plastic constitutive equations for each p...