Ramp meters in the Twin Cities have been the subject of a recent test of their effectiveness, involving turning them off for eight weeks. This paper analyzes the results with and without ramp metering for several representative freeways during the afternoon peak period. Seven performance measures: mobility, equity, productivity, consumers’ surplus, accessibility, travel time variation and trave...

The purpose of this study was to investigate traffic flow characteristics at off-ramp junctions in Iranian expressways. The study was conducted on the traffic behavior in isolated off-ramp vicinity of 6-lane expressways. The database consisted of traffic flow and traffic speed information extracted from videotapes. The relationship between diverging traffic flow in the right lane of expressway ...

Ramp metering has been broadly accepted and deployed as an effective countermeasure against both recurrent and non-recurrent congestion on freeways. However, many current ramp metering algorithms tend to improve only freeway travels using local detectors' inputs and overlook the negative impacts on local streets. This may generate two problems: 1) the optimal local settings may not result in a ...

The results of psychophysical studies suggest that displacement velocity may contribute significantly to the sensation of subcortical somatosensory neurons. The cortical correlates of these phenomena, however, are not known. In the present study the responses of rapidly adapting (RA) neurons in the forelimb region of cat primary somatosensory cortex (SI) to controlled displacement of skin and h...

OBJECTIVE Individuals experiencing low back pain often present clinically with intervertebral joint dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to determine whether relative changes in stiffness at a single spinal joint alters neural responsiveness of lumbar muscle spindles to either vertebral movement or position. METHODS Muscle spindle discharge was recorded in response to 1mm L6 ramp and ho...

The rapid analyte measurement platform (RAMP) system is an immunoassay test for West Nile virus (WNV) detection. Although reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methodology has been regarded as the gold standard for confirming WNV presence, usage of RAMP testing kits has increased in the past years. We collected RAMP test result data that were subsequently confirmed with RT-PC...

To ensure higher Level of Service (LoS) at urban motorways, new traffic control concepts are being applied since in most cases there is no available space for infrastructural build-up. For urban motorways, the mostly used control methods are ramp metering combined with additional control methods like variable speed limit control (VSLC). This paper gives a review of the current ramp metering app...

[Purpose] This study compared and analyzed use of an existing ankle ramp and a newly developed ankle ramp for stretching exercises. [Subjects] Fourteen subjects were included; they were stroke patients more than 6 months after onset, with no orthopedic or biological problems in the legs, so independent gait was possible. [Methods] The subjects performed stretching exercises for 5 min with an ex...