springs are the important water resources, which thier study is necessary in terms of their management and exploitation. in northern iran, the karst springs locate in the central alborz highlands and alluvial springs on the caspian southern coasts.the karst and alluvial springs discharge is variable because of different conditions in terms of aquifer, topography and precipitation .this study ha...

The Ponto-Caspian amphipod Obesogammarus obesus (Sars, 1894) was first recorded in the Rhine River near Koblenz, Germany in October 2004. Additional records of small numbers of O. obesus from the same location in 2005 and 2006 indicate that this alien species may have become established in the central section of the Rhine River. Ship transport via the Main-Danube Canal, connecting the Danube ba...

abstract: after the collapse of the soviet :union:, and the geopolitical changes in the region, which caused emergence of four new states, the outlook to the caspian sea and it's issues have changed. dealing with numerouse oil contracts with multinational companies and the entrance of transnational states and organizations, aggrevated the political and economic competitions and increased t...

Macroalgae are considered as primary producers in ecosystem food chain. This study investigated spatial and temporal variation of three species of macroalgae namely, Laurencia caspica (red macroalga) Enteromorpha intestinalis and Cladophora glomerata (green macroalgae) on the hard substrates of the southern Caspian Sea coasts and their relation with environmental factors. Seasonal sampling pref...

Two new algal species, namely, Prasiola calophylla (Prasiolaceae), and Closterium navicula (Closteriaceae) were collected from west coasts of the Caspian sea (Mazandaran province, N Iran), and runoff in south Tehran, respectively. Both the species were analyzed on the bases of morphological and anatomical characters and were determined using identification keys and interspecific comparison. Pra...

breeding biology of the great cormorants phalacrocorax carbo sinensis is assessed in thesouthern coasts of the caspian sea, iran during the years 2008-2010. about 84 nests located on 63 trees wereexamined. nests were built on large trees located in abbas abad marsh, gilan province. initially, eggs werefound on first week of april and egg laying continued until the last week of may. clutch size ...

kutum is considered as one of the anadramous species of the caspian sea. due to continuous population decline of the fish since 1975, iranian fisheries organization started to restock this species. nowadays, there is growing concern over the effects of restocking on natural populations. for this purpose, population structure and genetic variation of this species in the iranian coastline of casp...

abstract many people know the important effects of caspian sea winds and storms on the economy of three provinces of iran including gilan, mazandaran, and golestan that they form one exclusive and extent area which have moderate and humid climate. this paper used a synoptic climatologically approach, which combine a number of atmospheric factors. using daily and monthly winds data including the...

demonstration of the geomorphological factors in setting the legal regime of the caspian seaintroduction:the caspian sea is the largest water basin which enclosed by land within eurasia continent. the caspian sea is unique in many reasons: the large deposits of oil and gas, valuable fishery resources; including 90% of the world’s stock of sturgeon, important transportation routes; connecting th...