The expression of mammary ductal dysplasia has been shown to be enhanced in mammary outgrowths derived from enzymatically dissociated mammary cells and influenced by the number of cells used to derive the outgrowths. The present study was designed to examine this cell dose effect further and to determine if the developmental state of the outgrowths or the time between carcinogen administration ...

PURPOSE To compare a novel combined acquisition technique (CAT) of turbo-spin-echo (TSE) and echo-planar-imaging (EPI) with conventional TSE. CAT reduces the electromagnetic energy load transmitted for spin excitation. This radiofrequency (RF) burden is limited by the specific absorption rate (SAR) for patient safety. SAR limits restrict high-field MRI applications, in particular. MATERIAL AN...

Mammary gland tumors are by far the most commonly found tumors in domestic dogs. Effective therapeutic procedures with prompt accurate diagnoses are of prime importance for this life threatening neoplasm. Although immunohistochemical methods provide valuable information such as the location and semi-quantitative data of the interested antigens in particular tumors, conventional methods like his...

Wnt signaling is crucial for a variety of biological processes, including body axis formation, planar polarity, stem cell maintenance and cellular differentiation. Therefore, targeted manipulation of Wnt signaling in vivo would be extremely useful. By applying chemical inducer of dimerization (CID) technology, we were able to modify the Wnt co-receptor, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor-re...

Perinatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has been shown to cause aberrant mammary gland morphogenesis and mammary neoplastic transformation. Yet, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that mammary glands exposed to BPA during a susceptible window may lead to its susceptibility to tumorigenesis through a stem cell-mediated mechanism. We exposed 21-day-old Balb/c ...

PURPOSE We investigated whether recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) could promote the development of preinvasive and invasive breast cancer in mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV-erbB2) mice with estrogen receptor-positive tumors. METHODS MMTV-erbB2 mice were randomly divided into three experimental groups with 20 mice in each group. MMTV-erbB2 mice were treated with...

Different types of non-invasive epithelial mammary lesions are associated to a risk of developing breast cancer in the human and canine species. The process of malignant neoplasm progression is observed in canine mammary tumors, where the development of carcinomatous foci (carcinomas in situ) may result in the formation of invasive carcinomas associated to these tumors (Bertagnolli et al., 2009...

We recently described an area in the ferret posterior suprasylvian (PSS) cortex characterized by a high proportion of direction selective neurons. To answer the question whether area PSS subserves functions similar to cat posteromediolateral suprasylvian area (PMLS) and monkey medial temporal area (MT) we investigated the contribution of area PSS to visual motion perception and optokinetic nyst...