We used a case-crossover approach to assess the association between air pollution and daily mortality in Shanghai from June 2000 to December 2001. By design, this method can avoid some common concerns about the time-series approach, which was most frequently used to assess the short-term effects of air pollution. Different control periods (unidirectional and bi-directional control samplings) we...

OBJECTIVES To compare the sex ratios of births and mortality in 12 Scottish localities with residential exposure to pollution from a variety of industrial sources with those in 12 nearby and comparable localities without such exposure. METHODS 24 localities were defined by postcode sectors. SMRs for lung cancer and for all causes of death and sex ratios of births were calculated for each loca...

BACKGROUND Traffic air pollution has been linked to cardiovascular mortality, which might be due to co-exposure to road traffic noise. Further, personal and lifestyle characteristics might modify any association. METHODS We followed up 52 061 participants in a Danish cohort for mortality in the nationwide Register of Causes of Death, from enrollment in 1993-1997 through 2009, and traced their...

In order to study the characteristics and causes of ozone (O3) pollution in 16 cities Yunnan Plateau, methods COD, backward trajectory potential source contribution function (PSCF) were used analyze O3 concentrations from 2015 2020 all state-controlled environmental monitoring stations Yunnan. The results show that gradually increased 2019, concentration was lowest due COVID-19 pandemic. peak a...

Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, persistent organic pollutants, particulate matter, and heavy metals---air pollutants once thought to be problems that could be solved locally, where the effects occur---are all currently being discussed in international forums. A spate of meetings and agreements in recent months has shown many international governments to be more will...

We consider the problem of regulating an economy with environmental pollution. A regulation mechanism defines payments contingent on pollution emissions. The polluterpays mechanism requires that any agent compensates all other agents for the damages causes by his or her own emissions. It is the budget-balanced and efficient. It implements the unique welfare distribution that assigns non-negativ...

Mobile phone based potable water quality assessment device is developed to analyze and study water pollution level at Indus river. Indus river is habitat of endangered Indus river dolphin and water pollution is one of major causes of survivability threats for this specie. We tested device performance at the six locations of Lahore canal. pH of canal water deviates from the normal range of the i...

Non-point source (NPS) pollution has been increasingly serious in China since the 1990s. The increases of agricultural NPS pollution in China is evaluated for the period 2000-2008 by surveying the literature on water and soil pollution from fertilizers and pesticides, and assessing the surplus nitrogen balance within provinces. The main causes for NPS pollution were excessive inputs of nitrogen...

Exposure to air pollution is associated with increased cardiovascular risk but the mechanisms are poorly understood. The aim of this investigation was to assess the effect, in rats, of intratracheal instillation of particulate air pollution on leucocyte activation and damage to the vascular endothelium. Rats were exposed to particulate air pollution by intratracheal instillation of PM10. Blood ...

Increasing attention is being paid to the subject of air pollution, with the bulk of previous work being done in animal models suggesting that exposure to air pollution causes atherosclerosis—stiffening and calcification of the arteries—in rabbits and mice [1,2]. The new findings of Sara Adar and colleagues, published in this week’s PLOS Medicine [3], take us a step forward in clarifying the br...