Tuberculosis is a common opportunistic infection and a leading cause of death in HIV patients worldwide, especially in developing countries. The study was conducted to evaluate the relation of CD4 counts to occurrence and type of TB and to observe for the recovery of CD4 counts after treatment for tuberculosis in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis and extra pulmonary tuberculosis. This retrospe...

SETTING Twelve antiretroviral treatment centres under National AIDS Control Programme (NACP), Karnataka State, India. OBJECTIVE For the period 2004-2011, to describe the trends in the numbers of people living with HIV (PLHIV) registered for care and their median baseline CD4 counts, disaggregated by age and sex. DESIGN Descriptive study involving analysis of routinely captured data (year of...

The rates of immunologic and clinical progression are lower in patients with drug-resistant HIV compared to wild-type HIV. This difference is not fully explained by viral load. It has been argued that reductions in T cell activation and/or viral fitness might result in preserved target cells and an altered relationship between the level of viremia and the rate of CD4+ T cell loss. We tested thi...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of dimethyl fumarate (DMF, Tecfidera) treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) on leukocyte and lymphocyte subsets. METHODS Peripheral blood leukocyte and lymphocyte subsets, including CD3(+), CD4(+), and CD8(+) T cells; CD19(+) B cells; and CD56(+) natural killer (NK) cells, were obtained at baseline and monitored at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after ini...

BACKGROUND The interaction of HIV and tuberculosis (TB) on CD4 levels over time is complex and has been divergently reported. METHODS CD4 counts were assessed from time of diagnosis till the end of TB treatment in a cohort of pulmonary TB patients with and without HIV co-infection and compared with cross-sectional data on age- and sex-matched non-TB controls from the same area. RESULTS Of 1...

Background: Patients accessing antiretroviral treatment (ART) programmes in sub-Saharan Africa frequently have very advanced immunodeficiency. Previous data suggest that such patients may have diminished capacity for CD4 cell count recovery. Methods: Rates of CD4 cell increase were determined over 48 weeks among ART-naïve individuals (n = 596) commencing ART in a South African community-based A...

BACKGROUND The immunologic status of a newly diagnosed HIV positive population in the era of antiretroviral therapy in China has not been extensively evaluated. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to evaluate the CD4 counts of newly diagnosed HIV-infected persons and determine the factors influencing these counts in China. METHODS Two thousand eight hundred and sixty-six newly diagnosed HIV...

BACKGROUND Recent data suggest that lymphopenia is more prevalent than reported in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients taking dimethyl fumarate (DMF). OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of DMF on lymphocyte subtypes in RRMS patients with and without lymphopenia. METHOD A retrospective study compared lymphocyte subtypes in DMF-treated RRMS ...