Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics is a frequent problem in Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. This resistance is mainly due to the hyperproduction of chromosomally encoded β-lactamase and biofilm formation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of β-lactamase in the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of ceftazidime and imipenem ...

Ceftazidime-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (49 and 102 isolates, respectively) were collected from Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Mo., from 1992 to 1996. They were uniformly resistant to ceftazidime, generally resistant to aztreonam, and variably susceptible to cefotaxime. Four representative E. coli strains and 15 Klebsiella strains were examined. From one to four b-l...

Oxyimino-cephalosporin antibiotics, such as ceftazidime, escape the hydrolytic activity of most bacterial beta-lactamases. Their widespread use prompted the emergence of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases CTX-Ms, which have become highly prevalent. The C7 beta-amino thiazol-oxyimino-amide side chain of ceftazidime has a protective effect against most CTX-M beta-lactamases. However, Asp240Gly...

This study examined the activity of the novel antimicrobial combination ceftazidime-avibactam against Enterobacteriaceae exhibiting different outer membrane permeability profiles, specifically with or without porins and with or without expression of the main efflux pump (AcrAB-TolC). The addition of the outer membrane permeabilizer polymyxin B nonapeptide increased the antibacterial activities ...

Ceftazidime was given to 16 patients with cholelithiasis, and its concentrations in bile and the gallbladder wall were studied. The results suggest that ceftazidime is effective against biliary tract infection.

OBJECTIVES Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) stimulates proliferation of neutrophils and enhances their phagocytic and microcidal activity. Increasing resistance to existing antibacterials and the dearth of new alternatives have complicated the treatment of Gram-negative infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of G-CSF in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginos...

OBJECTIVES Avibactam, a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor, restores the in vitro activity of ceftazidime against class A, C and some class D β-lactamase-producing pathogens, including those commonly associated with complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs). This randomized, active-controlled, double-blind, Phase II trial (NCT00752219) aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cef...

We studied the in vivo interaction of ceftazidime and tobramycin in normal volunteers and anuric patients given each drug separately or both drugs in combination. Kinetic analysis of plasma concentration data showed minor changes in the disposition of these agents when they were given concurrently. However, the resulting clearance of both tobramycin and ceftazidime was unchanged when these drug...

The activity of GR69153, a novel catechol-substituted cephalosporin, was compared with those of ceftazidime and ceftriaxone in a multicenter study against 5,203 fresh clinical isolates of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. GR69153 was generally very active at concentrations equivalent to or two- to fourfold lower than those of ceftazidime and ceftriaxone against gram-negative bacilli oth...

The efficacy and safety of sequential intravenous/oral ciprofloxacin in moderate to severe respiratory tract infections (RTI) were compared with those of ceftazidime in a prospective clinical trial. Sixty-six patients received IV ciprofloxacin (200 to 300 mg twice daily), followed by oral ciprofloxacin (500 mg twice daily). Fifty-six patients received intravenous ceftazidime (1 to 2 g two to th...