The presence of oxygen in tumours has substantial impact on treatment outcome; relative to anoxic regions, well-oxygenated cells respond better to radiotherapy by a factor 2.5–3. This increased radioresponse is known as the oxygen enhancement ratio. The oxygen effect ismost commonly explained by the oxygen fixation hypothesis, which postulates that radical-inducedDNAdamage can be permanently ‘f...

objective(s): this study focused on determining cytotoxic effects of copper oxide nanoparticles (cuo nps) on chronic myeloid leukemia (cml) k562 cell line in a cell-specific manner and its possible mechanism of cell death. we investigated the cytotoxicity of cuo nps against k562 cell line (cancerous cell) and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (normal cell). materials and methods: the toxicity w...

Abstract Biomechanics is a fundamental feature of cell. However, the manner by which actomysin tension affects tumor immune evasion remains unclear. Here we show that although cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) can effectively destroy stiff differentiated cells, they fail to kill soft tumor-repopulating cells (TRC). TRC softness prevented membrane pore formation caused CTL-released perforin. Perfori...

The transcriptional activator serum response factor (SRF) is a member of the immediate early gene family known to promote embryonic development, cell growth, and myogenesis through interaction with multiple nuclear protein factors. Previous studies have shown that SRF possesses potent transcriptional activation domains that can interfere with gene expression at artificially high expression leve...

To identify critical events associated with heat-induced cell killing, we examined foci formation of gammaH2AX (histone H2AX phosphorylated at serine 139) in heat-treated cells. This assay is known to be quite sensitive and a specific indicator for the presence of double-strand breaks. We found that the number of gammaH2AX foci increased rapidly and reached a maximum 30 minutes after heat treat...