Mammalian phagocytes control bacterial infections effectively through phagocytosis, the process by which particles engulfed at the cell surface are transported to lysosomes for destruction. However, intracellular pathogens have evolved mechanisms to avoid this fate. Many bacterial pathogens use specialized secretion systems to deliver proteins into host cells that subvert signaling pathways con...

The facilitated movement of ions across cell membranes can be characterized as occurring through active (ATP-dependent), secondary active (coupled), or passive transport processes. Each of these processes is mediated by a diverse group of membrane proteins. Over the past fifteen years, studies of membrane transport in C. elegans have benefited from the fact that worms are anatomically simple, e...

in the current work, graphene oxide (go) samples were prepared at room temperature from graphite flakes using a modified hummer's method to produce metal-free electrocatalysts. the effect of the duration of the oxidation process on the structural, chemical and physical characteristics of the go samples was evaluated using x-ray diffraction (xrd), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), ...

amniotic epithelial cells (aecs) possess unique characteristics, which make them a suitable source for cell-based therapeutic strategies. aecs have stem cell properties with low-immunogenicity (due to expressing hla-g molecule and absence of mhc class i and ii antigens) and no ethical problems, as well as availability in sufficient numbers, which can be obtained from a placenta. we have recentl...

Active transport of proline was observed in both electron transport particles and cell membrane ghosts from Mycobacterium phlei. The transport of proline was dependent upon substrate oxidation and the presence of Li+ or Na+, but not upon the formation of a high energy phosphorylated intermediate. The requirement for Na+ was different from Na+ coupled transport systems which have been described;...

Active transport of proline was observed in both electron transport particles and cell membrane ghosts from Mycobacterium phlei. The transport of proline was dependent upon substrate oxidation and the presence of Li+ or Na+, but not upon the formation of a high energy phosphorylated intermediate. The requirement for Na+ was different from Na+ coupled transport systems which have been described;...

The current epidemic of diabetes indicates the need of proper and effective medications that are limited in their potency to have many side effects. Thus, introduction of alternative and complementary medicine is now in picture. The main objective of this study was to analyze the rate of glucose transport across cell membrane in yeast cells system in the presence of the ethanolic extract of Bru...

an essential requirement for an operating pem fuel cell is providing proper water content in the membrane. to avoid water flooding an appropriate water balance is required. here, an analytic model of a planar membrane humidifier for pem fuel cell is proposed where the effect of dimensional parameters includes membrane thickness, membrane area and channel hydraulic diameter are investigated. a n...

the microphase separation of hydrated perfluorinated sulfonic acid membrane nafion was investigated using dissipative particle dynamics (dpd). the nafion as a polymer was modelled by connecting coarse grained beads which corresponds to the hydrophobic backbone of polytetrafluoroethylene and perfluorinated side chains terminated by hydrophilic end particles of sulfonic acid groups [1, 2]. each f...