One approach to the prevention of schistosomiasis is the use of topical formulations to inhibit cercarial penetration of skin. A number of formulations containing either cercaricidal ingredients or components designed to inhibit penetration have been studied, but with variable results. Such studies have rarely considered the persistence of inhibitory effects through time, and to date, there hav...

1. Cyclical swimming behaviour of the cercariae of the digenetic trematode, Proterometra macrostoma, involves a highly regular alternating swim-sink sequence. During periods of swimming the cercariae are propelled upward through the water by alternating lateral contractions of the tail. Following each burst of swimming the cercariae passively drift downward. 2. Suction electrode recordings from...

SUMMARY Studies were made of the germinal development in the mother and daughter sporocysts of C. elephantis in experimental infections *of the snail intermediate host. A few infections of another species with a much larger cercaria also developed in the experimentally infected snails . Very rapid multiplication of the germinal cells takes place in the early stages of the mother sporocysts and ...

Cosmnic-ray Light on Nuclear Physics: PROFESSOR Societies and Meetings: ROBERT A. MILLIKAN .............................153 Thte New Hamitpshire Academy of Scientce: DR. THOMIAS G. PHILLIPS. Summer Meeting of thte A History of the National Research Council, 1919Minnesota Acadenmy of Science ............................................ 172 1933. VIII. Division of Anthropology and PsyScientific A...

Most of the authors working on the species composition of fam. Paramphistomidae (genus Paramphistomum) consider 5 valid species distributed in Europe, namely Paramphistomum cervi (Zeder, 1790)1, P. ichikawai Fukui, 1922, P. microboihrium Fischoeder, 19012, P. daubrteyi Dinnik, 19623 and P. gotoi Fukui, 1922 (cf. Kamburov, 1977 ; Sey, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1982 ; Odening and Gräfner, 1979, Odening, ...

BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis japonica remains a major public health problem in China. Its pathogen, Schistosoma japonicum has a complex life cycle and a unique repertoire of genes expressed at different life cycle stages. Exploring schistosome gene regulation will yield the best prospects for new drug targets and vaccine candidates. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a highly conserved class of noncoding RNA...

The prospects confronting a ‘‘new-born’’ schistosome cercaria are formidable. That some of these microscopic helminths successfully negotiate the tortuous route from snail to human vasculature is a truly remarkable feature of adaptive biology. After escaping the birth pore of its parental sporocyst, a cercaria (at least we infer from studies of other digeneans [1]) swims and crawls through the ...

OBJECTIVE To observe the discrepancies of responses induced by Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) normal cercaria antigen (NCA) and ultraviolet (UV) -radiation-attenuated cercaria antigen (UVACA) in an in vitro system. METHODS S. japonicum cercariae were collected and UVACA and NCA were prepared. Mouse macrophage model cells (RAW 264.7) were treated with medium, NCA (40 µg/mL) or UVACA (40 ...