Cereals are an important and major source of the human diet. They constitute more than two-thirds world’s food cover 56% cultivatable land. These sources affected by a variety damaging diseases, causing significant loss in annual production. In this regard, detection diseases at early stage quantification severity has acquired urgent attention researchers worldwide. One emerging popular approac...

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal with no known biological function in plants and one of the most substances released into environment. Crops, such as rice, maize, wheat tobacco are major sources Cd for humans. toxicity inhibits crop growth development by affecting many central physiological biochemical processes, finally it affects human health via food chain. To adapt to toxicity, crops hav...

Site-specific weed management requires sensing of the actual weed infestation levels in agricultural fields to adapt the management accordingly. However, sophisticated sensor systems are not yet in wider practical use, since they are not easily available for the farmers and their handling as well as the management practice requires additional efforts. A new sensor-based weed detection method is...