The Boyden chamber assay, originally introduced by Boyden for the analysis of leukocyte chemotaxis, is based on a chamber of two medium-filled compartments separated by a microporous membrane. In general, cells are placed in the upper compartment and are allowed to migrate through the pores of the membrane into the lower compartment, in which chemotactic agents are present. After an appropriate...

As a general rule normal saline is employed which has been made up by the hospital dispenser and stored in glass-stoppered hottles. As these are not sterile on the outside. the usual procedure is for a nurse who has not scrubbed up, to pour the saline into a sterilized undine or container. In doing this there is a. very good chance that she will contaminate the neck of the bottle with her finge...

Introduction: Small field dosimetry is challenging for radiotherapy dosimetry. measurement of the output factor in the air and water (Sc, Scp) is one of the input parameters for commissioning of treatment planning systems and beam modeling. The aims of this study are to measured Sc,Scp for small fields with EBT2 and Ion chamber and design a appropriate mini-phantom for small fi...

For the central tracking chamber of the JADE detector [l] at the e+estorage ring PETRA a new type of drift chamber, the so-called jet chamber, has been developed [Z-4]. This chamber is capable of recording events of high local track density (jets) with good space and double track resolution and with the possibility of particle identification within a solid angle close to ~I'I sterad. The concep...

Model-aided radiometric determination of photolysis frequencies in a sunlit atmosphere simulation chamber B. Bohn and H. Zilken Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre II: Troposphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany Zentralinstitut für Angewandte Mathematik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany Received: 3 September 2004 – Accepted: 15 October 2004 – Published:...