This study aims to understand how inherent ecological network structures of nestedness and modularity vary over large geographic scales with implications for community stability. Bipartite networks from previous research from 68 locations globally were analyzed. Using a meta-analysis approach, we examine relationships between the structure of 22 trophic and 46 mutualistic bipartite networks in ...

The process of type II second-harmonic generation has been investigated theoretically. It is found that, unlike in the process of type I second-harmonic generation, phase matching is not necessary for a significant shift of the pump wave phase to be produced. The simple inequality of the intensities of interacting waves suffices for this effect to occur.

www.pnas.org#otherarticles This article has been cited by other articles: E-mail Alerts . click here at the top right corner of the article or Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box Rights & Permissions www.pnas.org/misc/rightperm.shtml To reproduce this article in part (figures, tables) or in entirety, see: Reprints www.pnas.org/misc/reprints.shtml To ...

........................................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER

Introduction Conclusions References

Introduction Conclusions References