Emergency l ight ing systems are frequently employed as a required safety feature within business premises. These systems comprise essentially of a control circuit, a battery pack, a trickle charging circuit, and either an in-built incandescent lamp, or an inverter that will allow the battery supply to drive the existing fluorescent tubes. It is the latter version, and the requisite DC-AC inver...

The anticipation of a large penetration of EVs (electric vehicles) into the market brings up many technical issues. The power system may put at risk the security and reliability of operation due to uncontrolled EV charging and discharging. It is necessary to carry out intelligent scheduling for charging and discharging of EVs. In this paper, a smart management and scheduling model is proposed f...

We study a facility location problem motivated by requirements pertaining to the distribution of charging stations for electric vehicles: Place a minimum number of battery charging stations at a subset of nodes of a network, so that battery-powered electric vehicles will be able to move between destinations using “t-spanning” routes, of lengths within a factor t > 1 of the length of a shortest ...

The growing interest in the development of electric vehicle charging system based on expanding green car market is to meet the system demand for high efficiency and high density output characteristics. In addition, according to increase the in-production of electric vehicle, it is going to increase developing plan for on board charging system in around the world. In this paper, the charge contr...

This paper presents a optimal bidirectional battery charger. The proposed charger acts as a current source, i.e., acts in constant current (CC ) mode with a controlled output current in case of deep discharge of a battery, and as a voltage source, i.e., acts in constant-voltage (CV) mode with a controlled output voltage for near-100% battery state of charge. The proposed circuit is universal fr...

Minimizing the grid impacts of large-scale plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging tends to be associated with coordination strategies that seek to fill the overnight valley in electricity demand. However such strategies can result in high charging power, raising the possibility of local overloads within the distribution grid and of accelerated battery degradation. The paper establishes a frame...

It is shown that black hole spacetimes in classical Einstein gravity are characterized by, in addition to their ADM mass M , momentum ~ P , angular momentum ~ J and boost charge ~ K, an infinite head of supertranslation hair. The distinct black holes are distinguished by classical superrotation charges measured at infinity. Solutions with supertranslation hair are diffeomorphic to the Schwarzsc...

This paper is devoted to the infrastructure issues arising from the ultrafast charging of electric vehicles in the timeframe of ~5 minutes. To mitigate variances and peaks caused by high energy transfer rate and pulse-like load, an ultrafast charging station must be partially decoupled from the utility grid by the usage of intermediate energy buffers. The perspective charging station load and i...

Knowledge of the charge efficiency of lead-acid batteries near top-of-charge is important to the design of small photovoltaic systems. In order to know how much energy is required from the photovoltaic array in order to accomplish the task of meeting load, including periodic full battery charge, a detailed knowledge of the battery charging efficiency as a function of state of charge is required...