1. Advantages of Chemical Redox Agents 878 2. Disadvantages of Chemical Redox Agents 879 C. Potentials in Nonaqueous Solvents 879 D. Reversible vs Irreversible ET Reagents 879 E. Categorization of Reagent Strength 881 II. Oxidants 881 A. Inorganic 881 1. Metal and Metal Complex Oxidants 881 2. Main Group Oxidants 887 B. Organic 891 1. Radical Cations 891 2. Carbocations 893 3. Cyanocarbons and ...

Photocatalysis has been widely applied to solar-energy conversion and environmental purification. Photocatalyst, typically titanium dioxide (TiO(2)), produces active oxygen species under irradiation of ultraviolet light, and can decompose not only conventional pollutants but also different types of hazardous substances at mild conditions. We have recently started the study of photocatalytic dec...

place special stress on the lung. pleural space can lead to severe transplantation is associated with the of right-sided pleural effusions and right atelectasis, presumably due to subdissection. Most transplantation patients volumes of intravenous fluids and have some underlying disease which can directly or indirectly. The ability of BAL lung is helpful in assessment of the of pulmonary compli...

While chemical warfare agents have been used in military conflict for decades, it is only in the last two decades that increased attention has been paid to the acute and chronic health effects associated with exposure to these agents. The subsequent reports of ill-defined illnesses in the veterans of the Gulf War of 1991, followed by the 1995 sarin terrorist attack in the Japanese subway system...

We can’t preclude the possibility of the use of chemical agents by terrorists I can recall the attempt committed with Sarin in the Tokyo-subway in 1995. For that reason it is necessary to know the chemical situation in the battlefield and in our urban environment as well, for example in the subway. Actually the possible detection principles of toxic-agent-detection-devices are chemical (simple ...

The large-scale use of chemical warfare agents first occurred during World War I (the "chemists' war"), and was thereafter repeated at irregular intervals, most recently during the Iran-Iraq conflict of the 1980s. There was consequently a possibility that chemical weapons might be used in the Gulf war. The threat posed by terrorist groups became evident in 1994-95, when Japanese civilians were ...

background: one of the most important environmental risk factors for kidney cancer is occupational exposure to chemical carcinogens. since the isfahan province is one of the major industrial centers in iran and various chemical industries operating in the province, this study was conducted to determine the association of kidney cancer and occupation. methods: this case-control study was conduct...

INTRODUCTION THE CHEMICAL THREAT AND ENEMY CAPABILITY THE STATUS OF CHEMICAL PROLIFERATION Chemical Warfare Capabilities of Nations International Agreements and Verification Terrorism MILITARY CHEMICAL AGENTS TACTICAL AND STRATEGIC USE OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS Chemical Agent Delivery Systems Physical Properties of Chemical Agents Strategic Concerns in the Use of Toxins Choice of Agent and Delivery S...