Introduction: Stroke is the third important reason of death in adults and an important cause of adult disability. Previous studies suggest that TGF-alpha can induce neurogenesis after stroke. Here in, we studied neurogenesis effects of the TGF-alpha on subventricular zone following ischemia-reperfusion. Male wistar rats (250-300 g) were divided into ischemia and treatment groups. After inductio...

Objective(s): Morphine dependence (MD) potently protects heart against ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury through specific signaling mechanisms, which are different from the pathways involved in acute morphine treatment or classical preconditioning. Since opioid receptor density changes post cerebral ischemia strongly correlated with brain histological damage, in the present study, we tried to el...

Gap junctions provide direct electrical and biochemical communication between cardiomyocytes in the heart. Connexin40 (Cx40) is the major connexin in the atria of the heart and little is known regarding its regulation. Thus, the goal was to investigate the regulation of Cx40 in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The first objective of this thesis was to determine whether Cx40...

Angina pectoris is important because of its association with heart disease and risk of death. Historically after Heberden's account of angina in 1772, the association of pain with coronary artery disease quickly followed. Within a few years, Burns suggested an etiological role for ischemia. Subsequently, theories of differential myocardial stretch dominated thinking until Lewis' chemical hypoth...

We examined whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced autophagy provides cytoprotection from renal tubular epithelial cell injury due to oxidants and chemical hypoxia in vitro, as well as from ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in vivo. We demonstrate that the ER stress inducer tunicamycin triggers an unfolded protein response, upregulates ER chaperone Grp78, and activates the autophagy p...

Hypoxia and/or ischemia are implicated in neurodegenerative disorders. In these diseases, hypoxia/ischemia may induce oxidative stress, including production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which result in a decrease in glutamate transporter expression. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as the third gasotransmitter, has neuroprotective effects and potent antioxidant properties. In the present study, we ...

background: it is well known that the hippocampus, the ca1 pyramidal cells in particular, is selectively vulnerable during global cerebral ischemia. recently, it is observed that pentoxifylline has a neuroprotective effect. this study explored the pharmacological relationship between ischemia-induced cell death of the hippocampus and the efficacy of a vasodilator agent (pentoxifylline) in the p...

Major liver resection is associated with impaired intestinal perfusion and intestinal ischemia, resulting in decreased mucosal integrity, increased bacterial translocation, and an increased risk of postoperative sepsis. However, the mechanism by which ischemia impairs intestinal mucosal integrity is unclear. We therefore evaluated the role of Ca(2+)-sensitive, intermediate-conductance (IK(Ca)) ...

Introduction: Ischemia leads to loss of neurons by apoptosis in specific brain regions, especially in the hippocampus. The purpose of this study was investigating the effects of exercise preconditioning on expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 proteins in hippocampal CA1 neurons after induction of cerebral ischemia. Methods: Male rats weighing 260-300 g were randomly allocated into three gro...

Introduction: Nucleobinding-2 (NUCB2) or nesfatin-1, a newly identified anorexigenic peptide, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Brain ischemia-reperfusion induces irreversible damages, especially in the hippocampus area. However, the therapeutic effects of NUCB2 have not been well investigated in cerebral ischemia. This study was designed for the first time to i...