The term "toxin weapon" has been used to describe poisons, classically of natural origin but increasingly accessible by modern synthetic methods, which are suitable for delivery on a battlefield in a form that causes death or severe incapacitation at relatively low concentrations (reviewed in ref. I). Several of the most important toxin weapons are proteins, and these molecules are the focus of...

In this paper we investigate factors that influence trends in sentencing process basing on newspaper articles in order to find lexical clues for automatic trial verdict estimation. We examine verdicts for murder cases of the last 10 years using 149 newspaper articles (1998-2001) and 160 precedents from a database available online (2001-2007). The results showed that there is a tendency to give ...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the strength of a suspected causal association between fearfulness and carrying a lethal weapon among urban middle-school students, while holding constant other suspected risk factors. DESIGN A prospective study of an epidemiological sample assessed at baseline in 1992 and 1 year later, with relative risk estimates derived from the conditional form of the multiple logist...

BACKGROUND Deaths and injuries arising from interpersonal violence among adolescents are major public health concerns in the United States. The bearing of weapons among adolescents is a critical factor in many of these deaths and injuries. METHODS A secondary analysis of the 2005 United States Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System Survey data was carried out to examine the variables associa...

Screening weapon-systems is a critical task in determining whether a systems development effort will be successful and eventually provide the increased war fighting capability the user had originally envisioned. Weapon system selection is a multi-criteria decision problem that must be accomplished within a constrained resource environment. Several alternatives must be considered and evaluated i...

Attentional allocation is flexibly altered by action-related priorities. Given that tools - and specifically weapons - can affect attentional allocation, we asked whether training with a weapon or holding a weapon during search would affect change detection. In three experiments, participants searched for changes to agents, shootable objects, or environments in the popular flicker paradigm. Par...

The weapon target assignment is an important problem in modern air defense combat with multiobjects and fighters. The weapons units arrange is a dynamic and complex process, for saving weapons resources and attacking target effectively, the weapon target assignment model satisfies expected damage probability, the performance analysis such as target threat degree, the weapon attack priority and ...

sulfur mustard (sm) is a chemical warfare agent which was widely used in the world war i and more recently during gulf war in the early 1980s'. sm is a strong alkylating agent with known mutagenic and carcinogenic effects but only few studies have been published on its teratogenicity. since sm has been widely used as a chemical weapon by the iraqi regime against the iranian soldiers as well as ...