Chemoprevention of gastrointestinal tumors uses natural or synthetic agents to arrest, retard or reverse the carcinogenesis process. The prospect of prevention is clearly appealing, especially for colorectal cancer (CRC), that represents the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the Western world. Aspirin is the best studied chemopreventive agent for CRC, with randomized trials de...

Important aspects of the management of meningitis in children include notification to local officers for control of communicable diseases; chemoprophylaxis for index cases and close contacts in cases of meningococcal or Haemophilus influenzae meningitis; and a formal hearing assessment for all survivors. A retrospective audit of these aspects of management was carried out for children admitted ...

OBJECTIVE To summarise the evidence for the role of antibiotics in preventing further cases of meningococcal disease through chemoprophylaxis given to the index patient, household contacts, and children in day care settings after a single case. DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS Studies were identified by searching Embase (1983-2003), Medline (1965-2003), and CAB Health (1973-2003) and by co...

Chemoprophylaxis of malaria on the Thai-Cambodian border is difficult due to the high level of drug resistance. Thirteen separate companies of Royal Thai Marine Militia were placed on 250 mg weekly mefloquine chemoprophylaxis from August 1989 to January 1990. A mean number of 722 soldiers received two or more doses of mefloquine per month for the five month study. The medication was well tolera...

National policies for chemoprophylaxis after single cases of meningococcal disease in day-care or nursery settings vary across Europe. We carried out a multi-national retrospective study to compare the effectiveness of different policies. Countries were divided into those recommending chemoprophylaxis only to close contacts (policy A, close) and those recommending chemoprophylaxis for all child...

Leptospirosis poses a severe threat to the lives of farmers in Sri Lanka, thus, development of an effective chemoprophylaxis is deemed essential. We tested oral penicillin as chemoprophylaxis against leptospirosis in high transmission areas in central Sri Lanka in October 2005. Eight hundred active farmers were randomly assigned to take either oral penicillin (500 mg bid) or a similar looking p...

To determine the incidence of secondary meningococcal infection in close family and household contacts of index patients and to review the efficacy of chemoprophylaxis the records of 3256 cases occurring from 1984 through 1987 were examined. Seventeen secondary cases (0.5%) of infection were identified among these groups. The median interval between index and secondary cases was seven weeks. Fo...

Abstract Introduction Hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism (VTE) is considered a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in all inpatients. It potentially preventable with adequate thromboprophylaxis. All surgical patients should be assessed commenced on an appropriate dose anticoagulant agent. Drug charts 40 admitted under general surgery teams at Galway University Hospital were revie...

We aimed to investigate transmission rates of pertussis in household contacts of cases and factors associated with transmission. A prospective epidemiological study was conducted in 2012 and 2013 to determine the incidence of pertussis among household contacts of reported cases in Catalonia and Navarre, Spain. An epidemiological survey was completed for each case and contact, who were followed ...

lar blood products. The guidelines also recommend that Toxoplasma-seropositive HIV-infected persons who have a CD4+ lymphocyte count <100 cells/μL received chemoprophylaxis against toxoplasmosis (such chemoprophylaxis is generally accomplished with anti-Pneumocystis carinii medication). Earlier recommendations for chemoprophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Mycobacterium avium c...