OBJECTIVE To analyse the association between family structure and adiposity in children. DESIGN Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants) study cohort. SETTING Primary schools and kindergartens. SUBJECTS Children (n 12 350; aged 7·9 (SD 1·8) years) for the cross-sectiona...

BACKGROUND Sodium intake is high in US children. Data are limited on the dietary sources of sodium, especially from birth to age 24 mo. OBJECTIVE We identified top sources of dietary sodium in US children from birth to age 24 mo. DESIGN Data from the NHANES 2003-2010 were used to examine food sources of sodium (population proportions and mean intakes) in 778 participants aged 0-5.9 mo, 914 ...

BACKGROUND/AIM Numerous epidemiological studies have reported effects of air pollution on the prevalence of respiratory diseases in children. Association between air pollution and hospital admissions for respiratory diseases among children has not been investigated in our country yet. The purpose of this study was to examine impact of ordinary air pollutants (sulfur dioxide and black smoke) in ...

The ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (USCOM) is a noninvasive transcutaneous continuous wave Doppler method for assessing hemodynamics. There are no published reference ranges for normal values in adults (aged 18-60 years) for this device. This study aimed to (1) measure cardiovascular indices using USCOM in healthy adults aged 18-60 years; (2) combine these data with those for healthy childre...

BACKGROUND Asthma is a heterogeneous disorder with different phenotypes, and age at onset may define part of them. Little is known about possible association between prenatal stress and asthma phenotypes according to age at onset. We aim to investigate whether there is an association between prenatal stress and asthma, and if so, whether such an association differs according to age at asthma on...

Sera from normal subjects were examined for reactivity to human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) by the anticomplement immunofluorescence test. Of a total of 179 serum specimens from donors aged from under 10 to 59 years, 141 specimens showed positive reactivity against HHV-6. The positive rate was 70 to 83% for all age groups, and there were no substantial differences in the positive rates. Sera from you...

BACKGROUND People from Asian populations are generally shorter than other ethnic groups. It is unknown if current universal height references are suitable for affluent South Asian children in the Netherlands. AIMS To develop height-for-age charts for contemporary South Asian children aged 0-20 years living in the Netherlands, to evaluate secular trends, and to compare the charts with current ...

UNLABELLED Objectives. To record the age-specific incidence rate (ASIR) for diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in coloured and white children aged 0 - 12 years in the Western Cape (WC). DESIGN A retrospective population-based study using the 1991 population census to calculate the mean annual childhood population and the ASIR for ALL in the 0 - 4, 5 - 9 and 10 - 12-year age groups ...