Over a period of ten years (1983-1992), 134 malaria cases admitted to University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur (UHKL) were analysed. Malays constituted 27.6%, Chinese 29.8%, Indians 9.7%, Indonesians 16.4% and other foreigners 16.4%. Therefore, of the total number of cases, foreigners constituted 32.8% (44) of all the malaria cases admitted to UHKL. Fifteen of these foreigners had chloroquine-resistan...

Chloroquine-(14)C was used to study the processes which concentrate chloroquine in mouse red blood cells infected with chloroquine-sensitive or with chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium berghei. The initial rates of uptake and exchange of chloroquine-(14)C were both too fast to measure, yet large concentration gradients were maintained by the cells. When red blood cells were exposed to 10(-8)M chlo...

Chloroquine-proguanil combination is one of the options for chemoprophylaxis. The rapid evolution of drug resistance status requires a constant upgrade of epidemiologic data. Due to various difficulties in conducting prospective clinical studies on the prophylactic efficacy of the drug combination, especially in highly chloroquine-resistant zones, in vitro drug sensitivity assays and specific m...

Malariometric surveys were conducted during July 1996 in native Dayak villages and predominantly Javanese transmigration settlements in Ketapang district of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Malaria prevalence ranged from 0.9% to 2.7% in Dayak villages and from 1% to 20% in the transmigration settlements. Plasmodium falciparum accounted for 67% of the cases among Dayaks but P. vivax was dominant amon...

Infections with the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum typically comprise multiple strains, especially in high-transmission areas where infectious mosquito bites occur frequently. However, little is known about the dynamics of mixed-strain infections, particularly whether strains sharing a host compete or grow independently. Competition between drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains, if ...

In vivo and in vitro assessments of the response of P. falciparum to chloroquine using WHO standard kits and techniques were carried out in I ran Shahr, Sistan and Baluchestan province of Iran in 1985. In the in vivo assessment, 24 malaria patients treated with chloroquine (25mg/kg over three days) were followed up for one to four weeks. The mean parasite clearance time was 4.3 days and in...

BACKGROUND Potentially chloroquine resistant P. falciparum, identified by the 76T haplotype in the chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt 76T), are highly prevalent throughout Africa. In Guinea-Bissau, normal and double dose chloroquine have respective efficacies of 34% and 78% against P.falciparum with pfcrt 76T and approximately three times the normal dose of chloroquine is routinely taken...

Antimalarial drugs with the 4-aminoquinoline scaffold such as the important drugs, chloroquine (CQ) and amodiaquine (AQ), have been used to prevent and treat malaria for many years. The importance of these drugs is related to their simple usage, high efficacy, affordability, and cost-effectiveness of their synthesis. In recent years, with the spread of parasite resistance to CQ and cross-resist...

BACKGROUND Drug resistance, absence of an effective vaccine, and inadequate public health measures are major impediments to controlling Plasmodium falciparum malaria worldwide. The development of antimalarials to which resistance is less likely is paramount. To this end, we have exploited the chaperone function of P. falciparum Hsp90 (PfHsp90) that serves to facilitate the expression of resista...

BG958 reverses resistance in chloroquine-resistant isolates from different countries. Five mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum crt (pfcrt) gene resulting in the amino acid changes K76T, M74I, N75E, A220S, and R371I are systematically identified in resistance-reversed Asian, African, and Brazilian parasites which possess the pfcrt (CIET) haplotype. In combination with BG958, the activity of c...