The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that adding caffeine to postexercise carbohydrate (CHO) feedings improves subsequent high-intensity interval-running capacity compared with CHO alone. In a repeated-measures design, 6 men performed a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol until volitional exhaustion in the morning. Immediately after and at 1, 2, and 3 hr postexercise, participants ...

Recently, Cho et al. [Y. J. Cho, R. Saadati, S. H. Wang, Common xed point theorems on generalized distance in ordered cone metric spaces, Comput. Math. Appl. 61 (2011) 1254-1260] dened the concept of the c-distance in a cone metric space and proved some xed point theorems on c-distance. In this paper, we prove some new xed point and common xed point theorems by using the distance in ordered con...

Ingestion of a protein-amino acid mixture (Pro; wheat protein hydrolysate, leucine, and phenylalanine) in combination with carbohydrate (CHO; 0.8 g x kg(-1) x h(-1)) has been shown to increase muscle glycogen synthesis after exercise compared with the same amount of CHO without Pro. The aim of this study was to investigate whether coingestion of Pro also increases muscle glycogen synthesis when...

Recently, many biopharmaceuticals have been developed such as cytokines, growth factors, and antibodies. These recombinant proteins are mostly expressed by CHO cells. However, the culture medium of CHO cells requires the addition of serum, which can contain unknown biological substances such as viruses, or requires the addition of expensive growth factors. To avoid the risks of biological ingre...

Including protein in a carbohydrate solution may accelerate both the rate of glycogen storage and the restoration of exercise capacity following prolonged activity. Two studies were undertaken with nine active men in study A and seven in study B. All participants performed 2 trials, each involving a 90 min run at 70% VO2max followed by a 4 h recovery. During recovery, either a 9.3% carbohydrate...

Purpose: To examine the effects of commercially available sports beverages with various components on substrate metabolism and subsequent performance. Methods: Two studies were conducted in a double-blinded, counterbalanced manner. Study I was designed to determine the glycemic index, while study II determined the utilization of substrates and subsequent exercise performance. Ten healthy male p...

Because of the severe toxicity of systemically applied tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in cancer patients, considerable efforts have been made to construct mutant TNF molecules, which retain antitumor activity, but display less toxicity. We compared tumor suppression in relation to the toxic effects of human TNF and human lymphotoxin (LT) in mice. The genes for these two cytokines were expressed in...

Cyclophosphamide is used to treat a wide range of human malignancies. However, it is also a known carcinogen associated with induction of therapy-related leukemia and bladder cancer. The DNA repair protein, O-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT), protects cells from the toxic and mutagenic effects of O-alkylating agents. We report here the contribution of AGT in protecting against the toxic ...

We examined the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD-CHO) versus a habitual diet, prior to carbohydrate (CHO)-loading on fuel metabolism and cycling time-trial (TT) performance. Five endurance-trained cyclists participated in two 14-day randomized cross-over trials during which subjects consumed either a HFD (> 65% MJ from fat) or their habitual diet (CTL) (30 +/- 5% MJ from fat) for 10 day, before ...