We studied the variations in the ventral rami of 152 brachial plexuses in 77 Korean adults. Brachial plexus were composed mostly of the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth cervical nerves and the first thoracic nerve (77.0%). In 21.7% of the cases examined, the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth cervical and the first thoracic nerves contributed to the plexus. A plexus composed of the fourth...

Although heavy metal ions are known to be toxic to the central nervous system (CNS), the mechanisms by which the CNS may protect itself from initial challenges of such toxic ions is unknown. The choroid plexus is the principal site of formation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which bathes the brain. We have determined in rats and rabbits that after intraperitoneal administration of lead, cadmi...

introduction: the brachial plexus is responsible for the innervation to the upper limb and some parts of the thorax. variations in the branching of the brachial plexus are common and have been reported in 65.3% of the population. the variations (atypical communication) of brachial plexus have significant clinical and surgical importance. methods: in this study 10 upper limbs which belonged to 5...

Bulbar conjunctival plexus a superficial plexus of fine vessels overlying and freely moveable over the episclera. Mainly arteries, when inflamed they are bright red. Episcleral plexus straight radially arranged vessels in the superficial episclera. Mainly veins, they are also moveable over the deep layers (although less easily than the bulbar conjunctival vessels). When inflamed they give the e...

Effective brachial plexus blockade requires a thorough understanding of the anatomy of the plexus, as well as an appreciation of anatomic variations that may occur. This review summarizes relevant anatomy of the plexus, along with variations and anomalies that may affect nerve blocks conducted at these levels. The Medline, Cochrane Library, and PubMed electronic databases were searched in order...

Choroid plexus papilloma is a rare benign tumor accounting for 0.5% of all intracranial tumors. The majority of choroid plexus papillomas occur during the first 2 years of life in the ventricular system. Moreover, dense calcification of the tumor is uncommon. We report an adult case of densely calcified, atypical choroid plexus papilloma that originated from the cerebellopontine angle without c...

BACKGROUND Exposure of the anterior or lateral lumbar via the retroperitoneal approach easily causes injuries to the lumbar plexus. Lumbar plexus injuries which occur during anterior or transpsoas lumbar spine exposure and placement of instruments have been reported. This study aims is to provide more anatomical data and surgical landmarks in operations concerning the lumbar plexus in order to ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study shows the constant infraclavicular fossa presence, aiming at using it as a pathway for infraclavicular brachial plexus block. Determining the point where brachial plexus fascicles may be located within the fossa, the authors have proposed measurements from the anterior surface of the clavicle and the angle formed by the deltoid muscle and the clavicle (delto...