evidence acquisition elevated serum leptin levels are regarded as an established marker of obesity. it is also reported that obese asthmatic patients have maximum serum leptin levels compared to other groups such as non-obese asthmatics, and normal obese and non obese subjects without asthma. in addition to having an appetite suppressing effect, leptin also regulates certain acute-phase protein...

background: resistive inspiratory muscle training (rimt) is a well-known technique for rehabilitation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). incentive spirometry is another technique with potential viability for this application, but there is limited evidence in support of its efficacy in the rehabilitation of copd patients. aim: the objective of this study was to compar...

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 Abstract  Background: Despite the long-standing association of macrophage migration inhibitory  factor (MIF) with delayed-type hypersensitivity response, the potential role  of MIF in chronic allograft nephropathy is unknown. The association between upregulation of MIF expression, macrophage and T cell infiltration and the severity of  chronic allograft nephropathy suggests that MIF may be an ...

BACKGROUND Approximately one third of children with end-stage renal disease have the illness because of urinary tract malformations, obstructive uropathy, and hypoplasia/dysplasia. The significant drop in infant mortality from obstructive uropathies in recent decades, attributable to prenatal diagnosis with renal ultrasonography and coordinated surgical and medical care, necessitated a reevalua...

background: application noninvasive ventilation in the patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) reduced mortality. this case-control study was designed to compare efficiency and outcome of non-invasive (niv) versus invasive positive pressure ventilation (ippv) in respiratory failure due to copd methods: the patients were assigned to niv or ippv intermittantly.t...

Biochemical control. Renal function is assessed from plasma creatinine and, ideally, a yearly isotopic measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Until the patient has stopped growing, GFR can be estimated using the Schwartz formula (height in cm x 40/creatinine mmol/l). GFR increases rapidly in the first two years of life to adult values, provided that it is adjusted for body surface are...

chronic kidney disease (ckd) is an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. prospective data on risk factors for ckd are few. hypertension is one of the risk factors for ckd. in the past serum creatinine concentration was used as marker of kidney function but it proffers a late reflection of reduced glomerular filtration rate(gfr), which limits its ability to detect impaired kidne...

 Create insight in the epidemiology of obesity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;  Understand the impact of obesity on lung function, symptoms and exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;  Learn about the obesity paradox in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;  Receiving insight in the importance of nutritional counsellin...