The aim of this study was to quantify the global prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by means of a systematic review and random effects meta-analysis. PubMed was searched for population-based prevalence estimates published during the period 1990-2004. Articles were included if they: 1) provided total population or sex-specific estimates for COPD, chronic bronchitis and/or...

The present study aimed to measure physical activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to: 1) identify the disease stage at which physical activity becomes limited; 2) investigate the relationship of clinical characteristics with physical activity; 3) evaluate the predictive power of clinical characteristics identifying very inactive patients; and 4) analyse the reli...

Accordingly, it would also be interesting to have answers to the following questions concerning Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage IV chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. 1) How many patients with a ground-level arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry of .95% underwent hypoxic challenge testing? 2) How many patients flew without oxygen and with...

Introduction Normal Physiology during Sleep: Changes with Maturation and Development Changes in Respiration during Sleep Thoracic Mechanics Upper Airway Ventilatory Control Arousal Apnea Gas Exchange Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Epidemiology Pathophysiology Complications Evaluation Treatment Long-term Outcome Central Hypoventilation Syndromes Definition Etiology Evaluation Treatment Chronic...

International guidelines for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), particularly the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), have been available since 2001 [1]. So far, the adherence in the general practice to such guidelines is unsatisfactory with the use of the different drugs, namely b2-agonists, inhaled and oral corticosteroids, anticholinergic...

introduction the global initiative for Chronic obstructive lung disease (gold) recently published an updated 2016 edition of the global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Copd)1 the aim of the document is to guide healthcare professionals in the diagnosis and management thereof and to differentiate patients with Copd from those with a...

background: depression and smoking decrease health status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), but the combined effect of the two factors is unknown. this study aimed to assess the interactive effects of depression and smoking on the severity of patients with copd. methods: a prospective cohort study including 2,268 patients with copd was conducted in seven rural communities from ma...